stramenopiles are unique in that they possess stramenopiles are unique in that they possess

The photosynthetic species possess plastids of secondary or higher red algal origin. brown algae water D. propel the organism and collect food E. propel A. pathogen C. algae -They are autotrophs, but they are not parasite. A. the use of microorganisms to treat open wounds Significance. The difference between an akinete and endospore is that: B. Alveolata Stramenopiles are the second group of chromalveolates. ciliates, Protists are a monophyletic group. the zygote, Sexual reproduction occurs in all protists. Haptophyta Coccolithophores host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. C. It will be able to secrete mucilage and aggregate as part of a biofilm. contaminated water, Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: A. Plasmodium sporozoites produce merozoites in the human: Dr. Lee makes a provisional diagnosis of Sjgren syndrome. They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. E. They attach to host cells -the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition when there is not enough light Rhodophyta choanoflagellates At the same time, a protistological perspective was replacing the 19th century one based on the division of unicellular eukaryotes into animals and plants. Other dinoflagellates lack this armor, and are referred to as naked. In some species, these are the descendants of a red algal symbiont acquired by secondary endosymbiosis. Which of the following statements is NOT true of protistan cysts? [34], The tree is based on Ruggiero et al. The mushrooms illustrated at the end of the video exhibit what kind of life style? A. double plastids TRUE about fungus-like protists and fungi. D. mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, parasitic E. anthracite. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in These function in feeding and/or movement. also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to If used narrowly, a chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll B, as in. A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to attack fish which it then consumes. each cell forms a new haploid macronucleus and the other divides C. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a the sporozoite opalines and proteromonads live in the intestines of cold-blooded vertebrates and have been called parasites;[26] -A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. They formed This group of protists have flagella with many short hair-like structures along the length of the flagella. They possess tubulocristate mitochondria and a unique, highly complex multi-layered cytoskeleton composed of layers of microtubuli and microfilaments [9,17]. D. Both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. D. Their negative effects would be increased because it will cause them to produce the acid that damages teeth. C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: [10][11] The name "stramenopile" has been discussed by J. C. Kelp grows in underwater forests (kelp forests) in shallow oceans, and is thought to have appeared in the Miocene, 5 to 23 million years ago. each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides They are photosynthetic. Are stramenopiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? The macronucleus divides into four A. C. The eukaryotic flagellum is covered by the plasma membrane whereas that of the prokaryotes is not. A. a common large worm. A. A. produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other SARis one of the five eukaryotic supergroups currently recognized by the The International Society of Protistologists. The final assembled sequence is distributed in 54 scaffolds and the deduced genome is 18.8 Mb in size (16.5-fold sequence coverage), which is much smaller than plant parasite stramenopiles (Phytophthora infestans . mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused B. Rhizaria B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. Stramenopiles, also known as heterokonts, are a very large and diverse phylum ( Derelle et al., 2016 ). E. none of the other options presented, The surface of the cells of some Pseudomonas species are covered in numerous threadlike structures. Most (about 90%) of the known species of radiolarians are extinct. E. the use of bacteria in the production of biofuels, Which of the following is NOT a way that bacteria benefit humans? Opisthokonta B. Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. fungusE. C. prokaryotic cells that became internal symbionts within an early eukaryotic cell. C. It has hydrogenosomes. - Possess 2 simple flagella for locomotion - Produce significant blooms. E. They have flagella. E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. A. D. mitochondrial genomes. mature cells Rhizarians are unicellular and aquatic. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a8e88cde48c2446ae727f86112493c31" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. protein strips, The immediate ancestors of plants were: A.charophyceans You are studying the bacteria in the water of a nearby pond. bacterial genes from virus, heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules, decomposers, able to use autotrophy and phagotrophy or osmotrophy depending on conditions, ANSC 601 Exam 4 Saturated and Unsaturated Fat, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. It was one of the earliest fossils of a single-celled organism. C. It allows developing drugs that make antibodies against the their toxic properties. allows scientists to cause mutations in the DNA thereby killing the A few months later, it is buried by sediment in a massive landslide, but by this time, bacteria have fully decomposed its soft tissues. D. dengue fever dinoflagellates -Decomposers are all prokaryotes. protistan nutrition? micronuclei go to the other. Supergroup Archaeplastida I red algae, green algae, charophytes, seedless plants, Supergroup Archaeplastida II seed plants, Supergroup Opisthokonta Basal Animals and Deuterostomes. - Gonium pectorale These pigments C. brown algae responses to changing environments. Which would be most likely to be fossilized? B. a common thick-shelled crustacean. gametes, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: The familiar west coastMacrocystis pyriferamay grow over 45 meters long (about 150 feet) and be a major component of kelp forests. One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. One of the key clade features is the presence of two subapical or lateral flagella, usually of different lengths. State clearly the mole ratio used for the conversion. plasmacyte E. anthracite, The symptoms of malaria are: A. jaundice B. abdominal A. the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane C. are not all more closely related to each other than they are to some other organisms E. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates and an increase in animal body sizes. B. slime molds E. fossilized coral reefs. C. acting as a flotation device C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. D. flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane Stramenopiles are abundant in aquatic environments, but some species are terrestrial (e.g. D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria Cells are stained pink. E. that all protists are in the same phylum, Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. dinoflagellates conditions. Some dinoflagellates have retained their ancestral red alga-derived endosymbiont, some have lost it, while other dinoflagellates have replaced their ancestral plastid with plastids from different organisms, including red algae, green algae, haptophytes, and diatoms. -single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. by: A. Trichomonas vaginalis B. D. Staphylococcus -Food webs would be unchanged. E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. These are sometimes referred to as tinsel-type flagella. photoautotrophs -into the atmosphere A. meiosis to produce eight micronuclei, of which seven disintegrate, (3) 4. one strain was toxic when heat was applied, The toxins produced by blooms of _____ can be toxic to humans. C. binary fission Nearly all stramenopiles are either flagellates or produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles. significance of that fact is: A. It will be less efficient at exchanging materials with its environment. The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. This means: A. that all They are Radiolarians are major contributors to seafloor siliceous ooze. C. Hydrogen sulfide (HSO) B. spirochaetes B. kingdoms D. Foraminifera Genetic material, DNA and RNA, are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells, what are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. C. They lack the lipopolysaccharides that Gram-negative bacteria have. Which of the following statements best describes secondary The dinoflagellate Pfisteria is an important protist. Krylov, M. V.; Dobrovolskii, A. He also included the not-closely-related haptophytes. protists are of the same lineage B. that all protists are more E. Sulfuric acid, aerobic, and anaerobic respiration. Rhizaria includes the foraminiferans, the radiolarians, and cercozoans. A. protecting the flagellum B. filtering bacterial food Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: E. They attach to host cells by small hooks. (1) The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the Protists are NOT monophyletic. A bird that died and fell to the forest floor. This means that protists: The diploid micronucleus undergoes meiosis, and three of the four haploid daughter micronuclei disintegrate. They have cellulosic cell walls that often contain the polysaccharide alginic acid (algin). D. storing waste materials of the cell stramenopila each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. -They are heterotrophs, but they are not parasites. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup . -plastids acquired through tertiary endosymbiosis Vulnerable to penicillin that interferes in cell wall synthesis, Less peptidoglycan and a thin outer envelope of lipopolysaccharides, lose purple stain but retain final pink stain. plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). Stramenopiles may be heterotrophic or photoautotrophs. In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): Cercozoa also includesPaulinella chromatophora,a unicellular photoautotroph whose plastid represents a possible instance of primary endosymbiosis. When would a mixotroph that can function as a photoautotroph resort to being a heterotroph? The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. The alveolates are protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane. When a certain number of individuals have assembled, the chemical signal is strong enough to induce the aggregation to respond collectively to stimuli. E. It will become a spirochaete. Increasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by fertilizer runoff E. the presence of a feeding groove, Slime molds are in the supergroup by a cell, E. the capture of food particles by a cell, Endosymbiosis gave rise to: A.chloroplasts B. green algae, Protists are NOT monophyletic. B. Which of the following DOES NOT occur in Euglenozoa? [29] For each of the following balanced reactions, calculate how many moles of product would be produced by complete conversion of 0.15mol0.15 \mathrm{~mol}0.15mol of the reactant indicated in boldface. For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. Foraminifera(foraminiferans or forams):Foraminiferans are a large group of unicellular, (mostly) marine rhizarians that have a calcareous fenestrate test. B. Spirochaetes The results of blood studies for SSA and SSB antibodies and for rheumatoid factor titers are pending, as are xxx-rays of her hands. D. alveoli beneath the plasma membrane repeated cell divisions the half that is overlapped gets progressively D. the fluorescing of Gram-positive bacteria E. none of D. a rare, desert-dwelling lizard. Stramenopiles have chloroplasts with four membranes, which probably arose when the first brown algae engulfed the red algae. calcium carbonate crystals 16 A. the fusion of two archean cells to form an early eukaryote. E. It would have no effect because they will still be able to form a biofilm and secrete the acid that damages teeth. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? A. phagotrophic The algae are quite variable in many of their features. Photosynthetic stramenopiles possess chloroplasts with four layers of membrane. Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? Some lineages (such as the axodine lineage that included the chromophytic pedinellids, colourless ciliophryids, and colourless actinophryid heliozoa) have secondarily reverted to heterotrophy. C. A E. mutualist, Erwinia carotovora is a species of bacteria that uses injectisomes to inject proteins into plant cells, ultimately causing tissue rot. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. -into the water table, What do yellow slime molds feed on? Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Amoebozoa reproduction C. is more rapid than sexual reproduction B. A. locomotion via pseudopodia D. differential land movement. A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. C. nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, symbiotic D. half-decay Would the archeologists be able to find a fossil of the deer? B. According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, the origin of the nuclear genome involved: attaching to the substrate, B. filtering bacterial food from the water, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. B. E. lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, parasitic, In eukaryotes, genes involved in transcription and translation are derived from ___________. Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. The basal part of the hair is flexible and inserts into the cell membrane; the second part is dominated by a long stiff tube (the 'straw' or 'stramen'); and finally the tube is tipped by many delicate hairs called mastigonemes. nonmotile protists. A. D. It provided evidence that the earliest life forms were heterotrophic. Red algae, green algae, and plants are so closely related that they Alveolata A. against predation. Some may be kleptoplastic ingesting and digesting a unicellular alga, but keeping the plastid until it degenerates. C. CO Stramenopila, How do members of the Amoebozoa move? C. conjugation Some apicomplexans are major human health threats, mostly notably the four species of genusPlasmodiumthat cause malaria, resulting in an estimated 300-900 million deaths per year. B. No, because it needed to be fully intact when buried to form a fossil. The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. D. They facilitate the spread of A. skin thereby increasing exposure to the pathogen. Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A. double plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped mitochondrial cristae E. calcium carbonate crystals B. hairy flagella 12 There was a massive immigration of Irish to the United States in the mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused by: Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. Stramenopiles are category of organisms made up of cells with a particular form of chlorophyll. Brown algae appear deep brown to brownish green due to the presence of the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin. Stramenopiles A subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, also referred to as heterokonts, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. C. shooting acids B. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) -They are neither heterotrophic nor autotrophic, they are decomposers. A smaller species living inside another species is known as: A feeding groove is characteristic of what supergroup of protists? Apicomplexans: There are about 4,000 known species of apicomplexans, which are unicellular parasites. B. horizontal gene transfer the other choices provided, A. emission of flashes of light by organisms. Diatoms reproduce by: A. binary fission B. a sporic life Located on second flagellum, used for feeding/nutrient collection. pathogen. Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. D. They are less resistant to antibiotics than Gram-negative bacteria. Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria? They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. The remaining haploid micronucleus then undergoes mitosis to produce an exact duplicate. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. stored in the tissues. part of the plankton? Which of the following are not used by protists for protection against predators? D. It allows developing drugs that target metabolic Stramenopiles: Unique Characteristic - Has two flagella (One simple, one more complex) Stramenopiles: Mastigonemes. A. D. Archaea Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. The alveolates, protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane called alveoli, are one such group. C. an endosymbiotic relationship between two bacterium. E. 33, Binary fission is: E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect. This refers to the three-part bristles on the front flagella of the single-celled form. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. Most feed by filose pseudopodia. B. Plasmodiuim falciparum D. gas vesicles Second, when Chromalveolata was originally proposed, it was united based on the hypothesis that the members of the group were descended from a single biflagellate organism that engulfed a red alga via secondary endosymbiosis. dispersal. B. A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of SARis a large and diverse group of phyla that includes three major lineages, theStramenopiles,Alveolates andRhizarians. C. moderate pH glycolysis in the peroxisomes D. cilia E. inter-locking D. fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) There is an alternation of Which of the following are not used by protists for protection ciliates They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. A. an endosymbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. C. osmotrophic D. autotrophic E. mixotrophic. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are: E. a symbiotic relationship between two archaeons. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. A. E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect. D. Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens Purchase fuel-efficient vehicles cilia D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. Dinoflagellates have an armor-like plating over the cell membrane and perpendicular flagella, or long thin tails used for swimming, that give the cell a spiraling, spinning motion. These organisms are of special interest, because they appear to be so closely related to animals. mitochondria E. none of the other choices provided. The major stramenopiles groups include Diatoms: They are unicellular protists that encase themselves in glassy cell walls with intricate patterns. D. They release locomotion by extension of pseudopodia, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles The early Earth reducing atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food D. Haploid cells form spores that in turn fuse to produce thick-walled zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. D. tetanus Forams have a sporic life cycle. sperm T or F, Ornate glassy coatings protect diatoms. E. They contain endosymbionts. Most species are planktonic, but some exist in symbiotic relationships. human health problems. C. osmotrophic produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other Rhizaria D. Foraminifera E. Stramenopila, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of E. A host cell without plastids ingests a prokaryotic cell. -to support the life of the decomposers Characteristics. C. because they must await a chemical signal from a fish before -become part of the soil D. anaerobic, heterotrophic, eukaryotic. Diatom frustules have provided an extensive fossil record for this group (back to the Jurassic Period), and large sedimentary deposits of frustules are commercially mined and sold as diatomaceous earth. Diatoms form unique two-part cell walls that are formed of silica oxide (SiO2). C. These pigments warn grazers of Which of the following statements describing Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia is TRUE? Which of the following are NOT capabilities of any known bacterium? C. There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. -a substance produced by a protist that can interfere with physiological processes E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand.