famous descendants of john of gaunt famous descendants of john of gaunt

While the envoy playfully hints to Lancaster that Chaucer would certainly appreciate a boost to his status or income, the poem Fortune distinctively shows his deep appreciation and affection for John of Gaunt. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, also called (134262) earl of Richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) dAquitaine, (born March 1340, Ghentdied February 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. This lesson explores the life and family tree of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. After. Due to some generous land grants, John was one of the richest men in his era. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. However a decree of King Henry IV in 1406 barred his legitimated half-siblings and their issue from any claim to the throne and the illegitimacy of the Somerset branch doubly bars them. [16] As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. Married to: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond; 14551456. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as Gaunt. Corrections? However, mistrust remained, and some suspected him of wanting to seize the throne himself. Benjamin Harrison V: A famed American revolutionary and founding father of the United States of America. When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. The House of Beaufort /bofrt/[2] is an English noble and quasi-royal family, which originated in the fourteenth century as the legitimated issue of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (the third surviving son of King Edward III), whose eldest legitimate son was King Henry IV, the first Lancastrian king. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. The male line was however continued through Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester, the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, who adopted the surname "Somerset" and used the arms of Beaufort but with a baton sinister for bastardy.[5]. famous descendants of john of gaunt why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts why does wilbur soot have two spotify accounts John and Warwick then decided to strike Harfleur, the base of the French fleet on the Seine. 140-145. This story always drove him to fury. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. Partly as a result of these failures, and those of other English commanders at this period, John was one of the first important figures in England to conclude that the war with France was unwinnable because of France's greater resources of wealth and manpower. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. His direct male line, the House of Lancaster, would rule England from 1399 until the time of the Wars of the Roses. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the royal arms of the kingdom (Quarterly, France Ancient and England), differenced by a label of three points ermine. [7], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points ermine (Richmond)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, with a label of five points two of ermine (Richmond) and three Azure flory Or (Lancaster)[9], Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France ancien, 2nd and 3rd England, within a bordure compone Argent and Azure[10], Married to: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; 13991410, Married to: Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; 14111421. Married to: Sir Henry Stafford; 14621471. Despite Johns extreme unpopularity, he maintained his position after the accession of his ten-year-old nephew, Richard II, in 1377, and from 1381 to 1386 he mediated between the Kings party and the opposition group led by Johns younger brother, Thomas Woodstock, earl of Gloucester. 1. [14] John was himself a delegate to the various conferences that eventually resulted in the Truce of Leulinghem in 1389. Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. Close. However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee duke. This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England". They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. Another motive was John's conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile. Believed to have been written in the 1390s, Chaucer's short poem Fortune, is also inferred to directly reference Lancaster. The death of the Black Prince on 8 June 1376 and the onset of Edward III's last illness at the closing of Parliament on 10 July left John with all the reins of power. [43], In addition to his royal arms, Gaunt bore an alternative coat of Sable, three ostrich feathers ermine. [23] He impaled his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. John of Gaunt was a son of King Edward III of England, but as he was only the third son, he and his descendants were not expected to ascend to the throne, which they ultimately did. However, mistrust remained, and some[who?] However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. Vol. On 23 August, he was confronted by a much larger French army under Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. John was the fourth son of King Edward III of England. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Occupation: royal consort, heiress; second wife of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. The second son (of John of Gaunt), Henry, became a bishop, Lord Chancellor, and a Cardinal; the third son, Thomas, became Duke of Exeter; and the daughter, Joan, married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, as his second wife. Includes citations for all sources. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Only four months after his return to England, in March 1390, Richard II formally invested Gaunt with the Duchy of Aquitaine, thus providing him with the overseas territory he had long desired. First, through his legitimate male descendants the Lancasters, and then through his debatably illegitimate descendants, by his long time mistress and then third Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. Exercising his first command, John dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, at which the French withdrew without offering battle. John left Portugal for Aquitaine, and he remained in that province until he returned to England in November 1389. The name Beaufort refers to the estate of Montmorency-Beaufort in Champagne, France, an ancient and seemingly important possession of the House of Lancaster. [3] The title Duke of Somerset was no longer available, having been granted in 1547 by King Edward VI[6] to his uncle Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, which family and title survives today. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and returned to England. The expedition was a military failure. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. John (Plantagenet) of Gaunt KG is a member of the House of Lancaster. Catherine of Aragon is descended from this line. He took charge of the siege operations and at one point engaged in hand-to-hand fighting in the undermining tunnels. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. Research devoted solely to this person has either not yet taken place or it is currently in progress. FamousKin.com About Me He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came courtesy of his second wife Constance, who was an heir to the Castillian Kingdom, and for a time styled himself as such. John of Gaunt is a character in William Shakespeare's play Richard II. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. Elizabeth (1364-1426), married (1) in 1380 John Hastings, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1372-1389), annulled 1383; married (2) in 1386 John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1350-1400); (3) Sir John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke (d. 1443) Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. John inherited the rest of the Lancaster property when Blanche's sister Maud, Countess of Leicester (married to William V, Count of Hainaut), died without issue on 10 April 1362. Married to: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; 14391444. When the dynastic struggle of the Wars of the Roses broke out in the later fifteenth century, the Beauforts were the chief supporters of Henry VI and the House of Lancaster.[4]. With them, he participated in the Siege of Limoges (September 1370). The John of Gaunt School on Wingfield Road in Trowbridge, Wiltshire,[47] is built upon land that he once owned. All of them were born out of wedlock, but legitimized upon their parents' eventual marriage. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. John sailed from England on 9 July 1386 with a huge Anglo-Portuguese fleet carrying an army of about 5,000 men plus an extensive "royal" household and his wife and daughters. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King Robert II of Scotland until the crisis was over.[22]. John had no funds with which to pay them, and despite his entreaties, none were sent from England, so in April 1374, he abandoned the enterprise and sailed for home. From August to October, John of Gaunt set up a rudimentary court and chancery at Ourense and received the submission of the Galician nobility and most of the towns of Galicia, though they made their homage to him conditional on his being recognised as king by the rest of Castile. The children bore the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Gaunt is also generally believed to have fathered five children outside marriage: one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother;[citation needed] the others, surnamed Beaufort, by Katherine Swynford, his long-term mistress and third wife. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. The campaign of AprilJune 1387 was an ignominious failure. Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. The arms of Castile and Len appeared on the dexter side of the shield (the left-hand side as viewed), and the differenced English royal arms on the sinister; but in 1388, when he surrendered his claim, he reversed this marshalling, placing his own arms on the dexter, and those of Castile and Len on the sinister. In 1386 John left England to seek the throne of Castile, claimed in jure uxoris by right of his second wife, Constance of Castile, whom he had married in 1371. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. John died of natural causes on 3 February 1399 at Leicester Castle, with his third wife Katherine by his side. These included: This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[26] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. The House of Beaufort continues to exist in a further illegitimate line, surnamed "Somerset", the senior representative of which is Henry Somerset, 12th Duke of Beaufort, who is thus a direct male-line descendant, albeit via a legitimated and an illegitimate line, of King Henry II, the first Plantagenet King of England. [31][32] The monument was severely damaged, and perhaps destroyed, during the period of the Interregnum (16491660); and anything that survived was lost (with the rest of the cathedral) in the Great Fire of London of 1666. Please note: The ancestor reports on this website have been compiled from thousands of different sources, many over 100 years old. Blanche (1359-1388/89), illegitimate, married Sir Thomas Morieux (1355-1387) in 1381, without issue. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.409, note (f), See his arms with baton sinister in his portrait, Cokayne, G. E. & Geoffrey H. White, eds. As a younger brother of Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward, the Black Prince), John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of Edward's son, who became King Richard II, and the ensuing periods of political strife. The parliament of 1377 was John's counter-coup: crucially, the Lords no longer supported the Commons and John was able to have most of the acts of 1376 annulled. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Deceased persons are not concerned by this provision. In the summer of 1370, John was sent with a small army to Aquitaine to reinforce his ailing elder brother, the Black Prince, and his younger brother Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, Earl of Cambridge. When Edward III died in 1377 and John's ten-year-old nephew succeeded as Richard II of England, John's influence strengthened. He was buried beside his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, in the choir of St Paul's Cathedral, adjacent to the high altar. In addition, John's daughter Catherine of Lancaster was married to King Henry III of Castile, which made him the grandfather of King John II of Castile and the ancestor of all subsequent monarchs of the Crown of Castile and united Spain. Furthermore, while King Edward and the Prince of Wales were popular heroes due to their successes on the battlefield, John of Gaunt had not won equivalent military renown that could have bolstered his reputation. He was a strong military leader in the tradition of the Plantagenets and a royal prince of. Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt: Their Children John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford can count many of Europe's royal persons among their descendants, as well as some American presidents. The Beauforts played an important role during the Wars of the Roses in the fifteenth century and the eventual heiress of the family Lady Margaret Beaufort was the mother of King Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch of England. [3] The House of Tudor was descended from the Beauforts in the female line and all subsequent English and British monarchs are descended from the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII . [21] During the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, John of Gaunt was far from the centre of events, on the March of Scotland, but he was among those named by the rebels as a traitor to be beheaded as soon as he could be found. Fortune states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also references his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. After Blanche's premature death in 1368 and Gaunt's re-marriage in 1371, Elizabeth and her siblings joined the household of Gaunt's second wife . In accordance with the legal provisions, you can ask for the removal of your name and the name of your minor children. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . King James I. of Scotland, and through her the Royal Family of Scotland descended from John of Gaunt; secondly, John Stewart, the Black Knight of Lorn, from which marriage descended the Stewart Earls of Atholl, of whom there are still . However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. [11] Just before leaving Aquitaine, he married the Infanta Constance of Castile in September 1371 at Roquefort, near Bordeaux, Guyenne. This is the famous portrait of John of Gaunt, thought to be a copy of one taken from life. It is always preferable to locate primary records where possible. Upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371, John assumed (officially from 29 January 1372) the title of King of Castile and Len in right of his wife, and insisted his fellow English nobles henceforth address him as "my lord of Spain". The Beauforts were a powerful and wealthy family from the start, and rose to greater power after their half-brother became King Henry IV in 1399, having deposed his 1st cousin King Richard II. The poem refers to John and Blanche in allegory as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (13181319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948949). Known for: a legitimized daughter of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt, one of Edward III 's sons, Joan Beaufort was an ancestor of Edward IV, Richard III, Henry VIII, Elizabeth of York, and Catherine Parr. Son of: John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. Through his daughter Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, he was an ancestor of the Yorkist kings Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III. When Edward the Black Prince, Gaunt's elder brother and heir-apparent to the ageing Edward III, became incapacitated due to poor health, Gaunt assumed control of many government functions, and rose to become one of the most powerful political figures in England. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. Illegitimate Son (legitimated in 1396) of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Katherine Swynford. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII. In November, he met King John I of Portugal at Ponte do Mouro on the south side of the Minho river and concluded an agreement with him to make a joint Anglo-Portuguese invasion of central Castile early in 1387. Gaunt is an anglicisation of Ghent John of Gaunt was born in the abbey of Saint Bavo in Ghent, modern-day Belgium, on 6 March 1340, while his father, who had claimed the throne of France in 1337, was seeking allies against the French among the dukes and counts of the Low Countries. About Me. Upon the death of his father-in-law, the Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in Northern England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster. Due to Gaunt's royal origin, advantageous marriages, and some generous land grants, he was one of the richest men of his era, and was an influential figure during the reigns of both his father and his nephew, Richard II. The fact that he became identified with the attempts to make peace added to his unpopularity at a period when the majority of Englishmen believed victory would be in their grasp if only the French could be defeated decisively as they had been in the 1350s. By Katherine Swynford (ne de Roet/Roelt), mistress and later wife (children legitimised 1397): Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. Unlike some of Richard's unpopular advisors, John was away from London at the time of the uprising and thus avoided the direct wrath of the rebels. He is also referred to by Falstaff in Henry IV Part I. Hungerford in Berkshire has ancient links to the Duchy, the manor becoming part of John of Gaunt's estate in 1362 before James I passed ownership to two local men in 1612 (which subsequently became Town & Manor of Hungerford Charity). Eleanor of Aquitaine's Descendants Through John, King of England King John signing the Magna Carta, in a 19th century depiction by James William Edmund Doyle.