No convenient predictive equation exists linking these two variables; instead, the relationship is an empirical one, with plots of pressure versus wind speed using a host of data points within the same system used to generate an equation using a mathematical method called linear regression. Zone 3T is leeward roof for torsional case. ft. (h = (hr+he)/2, for angle >10 deg. The dynamic force can be calculated as Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! pressure for us workers is uselly in cubic feet so just under 25 pounds psi if they are correct. But one of the most damaging elements is one which we direly rely on for our survival: air. Calculation of wind peak velocity pressure. Calculations courtesy ofAlex Tomanovich, PE. For example, to convert from bar to pounds per square inch you would multiply by 100000 then divide by 6894.757. The default values below are for water with density of 1000 kg/m3. One of our earliest turbine tests. Formula: pz = 0.6 Vz Where, Vz = design wind speed in m/s at height z. pz = wind pressure in N/m at height z Is h <= Lesser of L or B?Table 10-1. The downwind side of the billboard also has a stagnation zone with lower than ambient pressure, but I don't know how to calculate this. 60 mph equates to a stagnation pressure of about 1.7" W.G., or about 0.06 psi. These pressures act over the surface area of a structure, such as a wall or roof. Classroom Activities for Scientific Notation, How To Calculate Ufp In Software Engineering, Which Law Of Thermodynamics Involves Absolute Zero, Different types of Microscopes & How To Use Them. Unit Conversions Convert mph to meters per second (m/s) by multiplying the speed in mph by 0.447. . The first steps to wind design for a structural engineer. Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) - causes horizontal pressure differences and winds 2. 6-10): If h < 15 then: Kh = 2.01*(15/zg)^(2/a) (Table 6-3, Case 1b), Velocity Pressure: qz = 0.00256*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V^2*I (Sect. Do My Homework. Please advise if I am inaccurate in my calculation. to obtain the coefficients to make use of in mathematical models for figuring out forces functioning on the item in simulations. In that case, you can determine the air density with the tool linked under the air density field in the calculator and change the value accordingly. In 2019 alone, storms caused over $40 billion in damage and numerous power cuts, Check out 42 similar fluid mechanics calculators . This is required in a lot of design or building codes and can often be the governing load case in areas with high winds. Wind Load = 0.00256 * (Wind Speed) 2 Building must be designed for all wind directions using the 8 load cases shown below. Roof pitch calculator Welcome to You actually cant, a minimum of not by multiplying with a conversion factor, like Miles per hour to km/hour. The simplest formula to find the wind load uses the wind speed to determine the magnitude of the force it exerts. As a car travels through the air, the air pressure on the front of the car increase. Step 4.1 Apply Load Factors; What's Next . Also, explore many other unit converters or learn more about pressure unit conversions. This distribution of pressure over an area means we can calculate the equivalent wind load force that can be used for structural design calculations. The wind pressure is proportional to the air density multiplied by the speed squared. The SI unit for pressure is the pascal, which is a newton per square meter. newton/millimeter to psi (N/mmpsi) measurement units conversion. Zone 2 is windward roof for interior zone. Let's say it has a 10 feet by 5 inch surface (lets say 5000 square inch) on a 12 degree angle (no idea if that is a good angle or not, just putting a numer out there), rotating at 500 rpm (so let's say 12500 feet per min, or 63m/sec since I've seen you guys are metric). 0 may be specified in the National Annex for EN1991-1-4 4. Estimate the drag coefficient based on the shape of the surface of your object that faces the wind. We are doing a science project involving the force 100 mph wind speeds on a house. The load cases are applied to each building corner in turn as the reference corner. SkyCiv offers a wide range of Cloud Structural Analysis and Design Software for engineers. Free online pressure converter - converts between 53 units of pressure, including pascal [Pa], kilopascal [kPa], bar, psi [psi], etc. It needs to be in meters per second or the equation will not work. Using one of a number of related equations derived this way, if you have wind speed, you can calculate the pressure to within a reasonable margin of error. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. Based on ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991 (wind and snow), NBCC 2015 (wind and snow), AS/NZS 1170, IS 875 (wind), NSCP 2015 (wind), CTE DB SE-AE (wind), IS 875, and CFE Viento. This value is obtained by dividing the number of meters in 1 mile, 1609, by the number of seconds in 1 hour, 3600. The Pitot tube is based on the Bernoulli law for moving airstreams and consists of a manometer that measures the difference between the static and the dynamic pressures sampled at two orifices made on the probe tube, made, respectively, in the stagnation point and where the wind field is unaffected. Wind Speed to Force Calculator. Convert wind speed to psi calculator. when GCpf is neg. All Right Reserved. For example, the average speed of a nitrogen molecule with a mass of 14 u (u . Use the online air density calculator to find out the density of air at any given temperature and pressure. Structural engineers use various methods to calculate wind loads, including wind tunnel testing, computer simulations, and empirical data. Wind Load Calculator 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h = 196.85 ft/min = 2.237 mph 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 1.4504x10-4 psi (lb/in2) 4 Ways to Calculate Wind Load Timely Delivery If wind loading analysis is not done correctly the resulting effects could include collapsed windows and doors, ripped off roofing, and more. The assumption for a problem like this is that you achieve stagnation and for a big, unaerodynamic object, the assumption is pretty reasonable. For Longitudinal Load Case the roof pressure coefficient, GCpf, when negative in Zone 2 or 2E, shall be applied in Zone 2/2E for a distance from the edge of the roof equal to 0.5 times the horizontal dimension of the building parallel to the direction of the MWFRS being designed or 2.5*he at the windward wall, whichever is less; the remainder of Zone 2/2E extending to the ridge line shall use the pressure coefficient GCpf for Zone 3/3E. The software also allows you to add more information about your building in order to determine the required wind and snow pressures to be applied. Blowing wind exerts pressure on the objects that are in its way. This number is based on the number of Newtons in a pound and the number of square inches in a square meter. The area A is easy enough to find for regular shapes. Wind: friend and foe US Dept of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service El Paso, TX 7955 Airport Rd Santa Teresa, NM 88008 (575) 589-4088 Background Differences in air pressure between different points around the globe are fundamentally attributable to temperature differences, which in turn create differences in the density of air. All outdoor structures need to be able to withstand the force from wind, and so being able to calculate the wind load is crucial if youre going to be designing buildings. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Zone 1 is windward wall for interior zone. There are actually three types of forces exerted by wind on an average structure: uplift load, shear load and lateral load. . I assume you want to calculate the wind speed based on the measurement of the dynamic pressure. Wind, temperature and pressure are interdependent atmospheric variables. How do you convert wind speed to PSI? Wind pressure is given by the equation P = 0.00256 x V2, where V is the speed of the wind in miles per hour (mph). Convert mph to meters per second (m/s) by multiplying the speed in mph by 0.447. They are differentiated from forces on wings, and propeller . SkyCiv offers a full design report to show the calculations of the wind and snow pressures, so you can see exactly how the software calculated the wind pressures for ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991-1-4, NBCC 2015, AS/NZS 1170.2, IS 875-3, NSCP 2015, CTE DB SE-AE, and CFE and the snow load for ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991-1-3 (select countries), NBCC 2015, and AS/NZS 1170.3. Required fields are marked *. The default air density is for 15C/59F at sea level. Shear load is the horizontal pressure that could tilt a building. The pressure difference (on either side of the window) is 1/2 v 2, where the density of dry air at sea level is about 1.25 kg / m 3, and v is the speed of the wind. The wind load calculator enables you to compute the wind force on any structure. Remainder of roof Zones 2/2E extending to ridge line shall use roof Zones 3/3E pressure coefficients. Whether it is a roof, a sign, or a steel structure, with this wind force calculator you can determine the wind pressure created on it depending on the wind speed, helping you make sure it's sturdy enough to withstand even the worst storm. 0 and cseason = 1. This worksheet assumes either Enclosed or Partially Enclosed buildings, and does not consider open buildings. Does anyone have this in an excel spreadsheet they could share? 03773773 psi (psi)More about PressureA working pressure setting of most pressure cookers is 1 standard atmosphere or 15 psiOverviewA balloon bursting at TranslatorsCafe. This calculator calculates the wind pressure using design wind speed value. Exception: For buildings whose mean roof height <= 30 ft., the upwind when GCpf is neg. For example, if you try pushing a sharp knife down through a carrot or a tomato, you will cut it. Air Flow Conversion Calculator. Our house model is 1' tall. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! The force of air particles hitting a surface is known as the wind load on a specific structure. 6.5.11.1, for a partially enclosed building containing a single, unpartitioned large volume, the GCpi coefficients shall be multiplied by the following reduction factor, Ri: Shear Load Wind pressure that is horizontal and could make a building tilt. He was also a science blogger for Elements Behavioral Health's blog network for five years. A guide to calculating the maximum wind speed for specific load characteristics, in accordance with requirements in EN 13000. Whats the Improvement in EPE Foam & Avoi Foam? Step 4.1 Select Ice thickness and wind speed in the appropriate maps; Step 4.2 Convert Wind Speed to wind pressure using Table 250-4; Step 4.3 Calculate transverse, vertical and longitudinal load; Step 4.1 If angled, calculate the transverse component of wire tension using sag-tension principles. Vz = design wind speed in m/s at height z. Copyright 1997-20014, OnlineConversion.com. It provides the wind load calculations on uplift, leeward, windward and roof forces of a building. Basic Wind Speed, \(V\) The ASCE 7-10 provides a wind map where the corresponding basic wind speed of a location can be obtained from Figures 26.5-1A to 1C. I was wondering if anyone happened to know, or know how I can find that formula. 0. These loads can be either static, meaning that they are constant over time, or dynamic, meaning that they change over time. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. (My goal is to figure out how many fans i would need, if possible, to lift myself of the ground). Example: C for one face of a cubic object = 1.05, Sphere: 0.47 Half-Sphere: 0.42 Cone = 0.5 Corner of a Cube = 0.8 Long Cylinder = 0.82 Short Cylinder = 1.15 Streamlined body = 0.04 Streamlined half-body = 0.09. Learn more about roof pitch from our dedicated tool, roof pitch calculator. For example, a surface at 90 to the ground experience much more wind load than a 4545^\circ45 roof pitch, even if the wind speed and surface area is the same. 6-15), qh = 0.00256*Kh*Kzt*Kd*V^2*I (qz evaluated at z = h). JavaScript is disabled. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. construction, and buildings <=2 stories designed with flexible diaphragms need not be Wind Force / Side Load Calculator Our Wind Force / Side Load Calculator generates the wind load factor according to UBC 97 formula of Force = A x P. P = Wind pressure (lb/ft2) = Ce Cq Qs info here close ABOUT US SPECIES SIDING DECKING TIMBERS FENCING TRIM MORE. Wind Speed Conversion Calculator Results Beaufort wind force: 7 (Near Gale) Knots (kts): 30.41 Miles per hour (mph): 35 Kilometers per hour (km/h): 56.33 Meters per second (m/s): 15.65 Wind Speed Comparison Chart Conversion Formulas The wind speed converter uses the following conversion formulas: Wind (kts) = 0.8689762 Wind (mph) It needs to be in meters per second or the equation will not work. Convert wind speed to psi calculator - Wind Speed Conversion. Video advice: 99999+ RPM Fidget Spinner Toy //Cause I Can, Subscribe for more: http://bit.ly/1JiDwCf. Moreover, the snow pressures can also be generate wind load calculation using ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991-1-3 (select countries), NBCC 2015, and AS/NZS 1170.3 where you can obtain the corresponding balanced and unbalanced snow load based on the roof profile of your building. Wind pressure is the physical principle behind the pressure tube (Pitot) or pressure-plate anemometer. Upgrade and view the full reports or use this link to see our sample detailed wind load. The load exerted on a building as a result of blowing winds is a factor of the square of the wind speed. Zone 3 is leeward roof for interior zone. I believe the end calculation result is incorrect above of .17psi. The main wind force resisting system of a building is a vital component. For an 85 yo amateur could you young wizards tell me approx what would be the pressure in kilopascals on a flat plate 1400MM x 700MM in a wind of 42 M/S. In this calculator, we assume a default value of 1.225kg/m31.225~\mathrm{kg/m^3}1.225kg/m3 or 0.0765psi0.0765~\mathrm{psi}0.0765psi, equivalent to a temperature of 15C15^\circ~\mathrm{C}15C or 59F59^\circ~\mathrm{F}59F at sea level. An open building is a structure having all walls at least 80% open. When viewing the wind maps, take the highest category number of the defined Risk or Occupancy category. These values are calculated from the Ensewiler Formula, P = 0.00256 x V2, where V = Wind Velocity in MPH and P = the Differential Pressure across the window in Pounds per Square Foot (PSF). in Zones 2/2E: For Long. Surface Roughness "B": Thank in advance. Wind Speed of the Hurricane, How you can Linearize an electrical Function, How you can Calculate Temperature From BTU. Finally, lateral load is more like a broad pushing that could move a structure off its foundation. Buildings and structures that represent a low hazard to human life in the event of failure including, but not limited to: Buildings and other structures except those listed in Categories I, III and IV. You would have my undying gratitude. Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy | About us | Our mission | Site Map, The most important scientific discoveries of 2022. Seismic loads, also known as earthquake loads, are a critical consideration in structural engineering, as they can have a significant impact on the design and safety of a structure. Write this equation converting wind speed in meters per second (m/s) to pressure in Newton per square meter (N/m^2): C = Drag coefficient D = Density of air (kg/m^3) V = Speed of air (m/s) ^ = "to the power of". ABN: 73 605 703 071, Some of the building types for the wind load and snow load calculations are locked for the free version, but our. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. To mitigate the effects of snow loads, structures can be designed with certain features, such as snow guards and heated gutters. The unit for wind pressure is pounds per square foot (psf). Does anyone know how to convert wind speed to force on a wall.measured in psi? Erwin van den Burg Stress and anxiety researcher at CHUV2014-present Ph.D. from Radboud University NijmegenGraduated 2002 Tall structures, such as skyscrapers, are more susceptible to seismic loads due to their height. to see how fast they can move! (Glasstone and Dolan, 1977; TM 5-1300, 1990) Table 1 also shows the maximum wind speed associated with the given overpressure. For pressure in psi divide by 144 to get; p = .00002222 * v^2 So if v = 60 mph, then p = 0.08 psi. For example, if the wind speed is 70 mph, the wind pressure is 0.00256 x 70 2 = 12.5 psf. My very old engineering text gives pressure due to wind as; p = 0.0032 * v^2 where pressure p is in pounds per square foot and v is miles per hour. Wind Speed Unit Convertor. The resulting values are average air velocity, max air velocity and volume. Exposure "C": 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. If you know these three variables, you can easily convert wind speed to pressure in pounds per square inch (psi). This online calculator computes kinetic energy of wind and wind power. So if v = 60 mph, then p = 0.08 psi. This page was generated at 07:05 PM. 6.24 (1.20) 50.00. smooth glass versus a textured surface) and the impact of surrounding structures on the wind speeds likely to be experienced. ok guys I am an old guy that is useless at maths so i'd like your help. Use the "reset" button to reset your calculation. Under the assumption that the wind is always parallel to the horizon, we can calculate the effective surface from the total surface and the angle. You can resolve many practical tasks by the direct implementation of the Bernoulli equation. Adding to SkyCiv's already list of free tools, is the Wind Load and Snow Load Calculator for ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991 (wind and snow), NBCC 2015 (wind and snow), AS/NZS 1170, IS 875-3 (wind), NSCP 2015 (wind), CTE DB SE-AE (wind), and CFE Viento. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Exposure "D": This is particularly important for tall structures, such as skyscrapers, which are more susceptible to wind loads due to their height. Convert mph to meters per second (m/s) by multiplying the speed in mph by 0.447. These methods allow engineers to predict the wind loads that a structure will experience and design it accordingly. Basic wind speed for specific locations in the continental United States can be obtained from the basic speed contour map in ASCE 7-16. Since wind is air in motion the resulting wind pressures are related to its kinetic energy and can be determined by the following expression: q = ( V 2 / 2 g ) where: q = Wind pressure in lb/ft 2 or N/m 2 (pascal) Zone 4 is leeward wall for interior zone. Other factors and coefficients affect the final wind load calculation, such as geographical and geometrical ones; however, the speed-to-load exponential relationship is maintained. This value is obtained by dividing the number of meters in 1 mile, 1609, by the number of seconds in 1 hour, 3600. You can calculate the flow rate in five simple steps: Select the shape of the cross-section of the channel. Once the wind speed has been calculated, the user can provide additional information regarding the building (such as building height, type and cladding) to get the wind pressure (wind load) based on ASCE 7-10/ASCE 7-16, EN 1991-1-4, NBCC 2015, AS/NZS 1170.2, IS 875-3, NSCP 2015, CTE DB SE-AE, and CFE provisions. Thanks so that means 100mph to PSI is 0.17 PSI ? its density at sea level at 59 F (15 C) and 14.7 psi (1013.25 hPa) (mean sea-level pressure) is approximately 0.0765 . Perform any necessary conversions to the units you desire. As a freelancer, he has written articles on everything from personal finances to computer technology. Calculate wind pressure. What happens at the edges of the billboard is complicated because of turbulence like vortices. The default air density should be adequate unless you live in a very hot, cold, or elevated location. So you can estimate the wind load on your roof and safely plan your build, without any risk of collapse from storms. Due to changes in this version of the forum software, you are now required to register before you may post. For particular cases values smaller than 1. According to: EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 Section 7.6. We've gotyour back with our windsurfing calculator and kiteboarding calculator. Copyright 2022 - sciencebriefss.com. Exposure C shall apply for all cases where exposures B and D do not apply. The simplest formula to find the wind load uses the wind speed to determine the magnitude of the force it exerts. The calculator is set to a default wind density value for 15C (66F) and at level sea, which can provide a reasonable estimate if you don't know the actual wind density of your problem. Simply slowing the wind doesn't extract energy if the pressure goes up correspondingly. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ae34f9983a3892f6aaf2867691985164" );document.getElementById("ae49f29f56").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. An enclosed building is a building that does not comply with the requirements. I need this for work to convert wind speed in MPH to PSI for structures. Your email address will not be published. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. Inside a past existence I/we tested to find out drag (pressure) with an object in another fluid (that is what air is) inside a tow tank, different depth (interaction using the surface affects the end result), pitch, roll and yaw, fundamental shape, etc. 6.5.10, Eq. CUI Devices' air flow conversion calculator can be used to convert between common units for volume air flow and air velocity flowing past a point in a specified area of duct. Timothy Banas has a master's degree in biophysics and was a high school science teacher in Chicago for seven years. (wind ) 100mph, it strikes, say a 150 foot square billboard it will shear 90 degrees, which will then radiate equally in all direction on the surface of the standing structure. We don't collect information from our users. However, that obviously doesn't work for programming. in Zones 2/2E: MWFRS Wind Load for Transverse, Torsional Case, MWFRS Wind Load for Long., Torsional Case. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Accurate wind load calculations will that a safe, durable structure is assembled. The building mean roof height, h, must be <= 60 ft. You can find standard coefficient values for most common shapes and structures in tables. Contact BuildingsGuide for quotes on safe and durable prefabricated steel buildings. I have googled and googled for hours. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Move the mouse over a unit or click on it to read its full name. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. We need to convert mph to psi so we can use an air compressor in our project. For Trans. Convert Newton per square meter (N/m^2) to psi by multiplying the pressure in N/m^2 by 0.000145. Unfortunately, there are many other factors that impact the wind load on a given surface, including the variation in wind speed with elevation, the precise qualities of the surface (e.g. Per Sect. Wind Wind results from a horizontal difference in air pressure and since the sun heats different parts of the Earth differently, causing pressure differences, the Sun is the driving force for most winds. For Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Cases: (+) and (-) signs signify wind pressures acting toward & away from respective surfaces. Stress and anxiety researcher at CHUV2014presentPh.D. These features can help to reduce the impact of snow loads on a structure and increase its stability. Input the important values of your structure: the total surface area and the angle. 2(2)P. The directional and season factors are generally cdir = 1. A partially enclosed building complies with both of the following conditions: the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds the sum of the areas of the openings in the balance of the building envelope (walls and roof) by more than 10%; and. How to Convert Wind Speed to Pressure. Lateral Load A pulling and pushing horizontal pressure that can cause a building to move off its foundation. Uplift Load Pressures from wind flow that cause lifting effects. Simply enter in a location (street address, longitude/latitude, zip code) and the software will give you the corresponding wind speed or ground snow load by location as per the design standard. Some common densities at atmospheric pressure: The dynamic pressure in water with - temperature 20oC - density 1000 kg/m3 and velocity 5 m/s - can be calculated as, The dynamic pressure in ahurricane with air temperature 20oC, density of air 1.2 kg/m3 and wind speed 37 m/s can be calculated as, The force acting directly on a wall with area 10 m2 can be calculated as. There are some limitations to the free version, it will allow you to get the local wind speed for 3 searches a day, and a number of building type pressures. You are using an out of date browser. However, you can change it to a custom one that adapts to your wind's characteristics. from Radboud University NijmegenGraduated 2002Lives in Lausanne, Switzerland2013present, Your email address will not be published. Yet Bernoulli says pressure decreases as speed increases. Snow loads are caused by the accumulation of snow on a structure and can vary greatly depending on the location and climate. While wind load calculations can be difficult to figure out because the wind is unpredictable, some standard calculations can give you a good idea of what a building can withstand. The formula you need is: Here, is the density of air (which varies with elevation and temperature but can be taken as 1.2 kg/m3 based on sea level and a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius), v is the wind speed, and A is the area the wind is striking. designed for torsional load cases. Given wind speed in a storm system, estimate the local air pressure. will give you access to everything you need for wind and snow loading. Do you know the helpful software for electrical engineering? 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally < 30 ft. Buildings and other structures that represent a substantial hazard to human life in the event of failure including, but not limited to: Buildings and other structures designated as essential facilities including, but not limited to: dings +0.55, -0.55. How does this get converted to a pressure. 1 m/h is equal to 0.01 ft/s Per second Cubic kilometers per second (km/s) 2.7810 -13 Cubic meters per second (m/s) 2.7810 -4 Cubic decimeters per second (dm/s) 0.28 Cubic centimetres per second (cm/s) 277.78 Exposure D shall extend into downwind areas of Surface Roughness B or C for a distance of 600 ft. or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater. Determine the seismic base shear for your structure using the Equivalent Static Force method. Convert newton/millimeter (N/mm) to psi (psi) Pressure, Stress, Youngs Modulus Converter Common Unit Converters Compact Calculator Online Unit Converters, How you can Convert Wind Speed to Pressure, How you can Read Wind Speed Utilizing a Ribbon, The Connection Between Pressure Gradient & Wind Speed. Lee Johnson is a freelance writer and science enthusiast, with a passion for distilling complex concepts into simple, digestible language. For additional information regarding these shapes, visit the link in the Resources section. The software also allows you to add more information about your building in order to determine the required wind and snow pressures to be applied.