Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu Wants to Clone Scythian Army, Possible Million-Year-Old Tools Unearthed in Sudan Could Change Human History, Archeologists Puzzled by Hundreds of Egyptian Tombs from Pre-Dynastic Era, Ancient Cave Painters Starved Themselves of Oxygen to Hallucinate, The Zone of Silence: An Ancient Mystery of Old Mexico, The Legend of Crystal Skulls Emerges From the Mayan Jungle. An extensive infrastructure was developed, including a complex irrigation system extending more than 30 square miles (80km2) to support cultivation of potatoes, quinoa, corn, and other various crops. Until recently, conventional wisdom suggested that the desertion was prompted by a severe, prolonged drought that ravaged the crops and made sustaining a large urban population impossible. Other stone art depicts what archeologists think is the veneration of ancestors. Puma Punku is a large site which expands across a distance exceeding the dimensions of two football fields. The excavation trenches of Vranich show the clay, sand, and gravel fill of the Pumapunku complex were laid directly on the sterile middle Pleistocene sediments. (Skeptics have hypothesized reed boats and ramps.). Klotz / Wikimedia CommonsA close-up of the carvings on the famous Tiwanaku Gate of the Sun. According to the local myths, Puma Punku is related to the gods and the time of the first creation. + Save your analysis in the openings section and create your repertoire. [52] The archeologist Alexei Vranich counters the ancient alien enthusiasts that well-preserved local precursors regarding the monumental complex of Pumapunku are now known (some monumental structures at Pukara and Chiripa). The architectural historians Jean-Pierre and Stella Nair who conducted the first professional field study on the stones of Tiwanaku/Pumapunku conclude: [] to obtain the smooth finishes, the perfectly planar faces and exact interior and exterior right angles on the finely dressed stones, they resorted to techniques unknown to the Incas and to us at this time. Google Earth Image Shows Massive Alien Face In Antarctica, Russian Archeologists Find Elongated Skull with Perfect Teeth. Card notes that Pumapunku is a fixture of books and television programs on alternative archeology and especially ancient aliens. Regardless of the opinions of skeptics, the Puma Punku mystery persists, because no scientist to date has given a probable explanation for the buildings and how they were constructed. Their remains, stowed on what many researchers believe was one of the Tiwanakus most sacred sites, show evidence that all members of society from infants to the elderly took psychoactive drugs culled from hallucinogenic plants. [2][3][5], When the Spanish arrived at Tiwanaku there was still standing architecture at Pumapunku. The eastern edge of the Pumapunku is occupied by the Plataforma Ltica. The ruins of Puma Punku are one of four structures in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. The fragments of five andesite gateways with similar characteristics to the Gateway of the Sun were found. C14 (AD 440; calibrated, AD 536-600). [16] Its layout is not square in plan, but rather T-shaped. (2010) The Non-Mystery of Pumapunku. Skeptoid Podcast. [22], cramp sockets in the foundation platforms of Pumapunku, Ornamental stone with I-cramp sockets which suggests that more stones were added to this block, T-shaped sockets at Ollantaytambo that are similar to those found at Pumapunku, Comparison of the Tiwanaku cramp technique (left) with that in Delphi (right). Enter your email address and we'll send you a link to reset your password. Standard academics believe it was created by the Bronze Age Tiwanaku people between 1000 and 2000 years ago, but they ignore the fact that bronze tools can not cut the stone above, which Canadian geologist Suzan Moore believes is granite. The debate on Puma Punkus construction date and its builders continues. Many of them had similar myths and architectural styles that hint strongly at having common roots, something which has long puzzled archeologists. The person able to do so is promised a handsome. Pumapunku or Puma Punku is a 6th-century man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top that is part of the Pumapunku complex, at the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanacu, in western Bolivia. Mounting evidence from around the Earth indicates that humans made the leap to real civilization MUCH further back in antiquity than we originally thought and may have established a sea-faring, organized-trade civilization that had outposts over much of the world all this about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. In the past, the Tiwanaku culture had made the area an agricultural and trading center which may have supported up to 400,000 people during its heyday. Pieces of Pumapunku that show the complex system by which the bricks were slotted together. The Tiwanaku people who inhabited Puma Punku were polytheistic and had a special focus on agriculturally-themed gods. Located southwest of the Kalasasaya Temple in Aymara, Puma Punku's name means "La Puerta del Puma" or the "Door of the Puma."The complex consists of an unwalled western court, a central esplanade, a mound of megalithic stone terraces, and a walled court to the . This structure consists of a stone terrace 6.8 by 38.7 metres (22 by 127 feet) in dimension. The purpose of the enormous structures has yet to be explained. And then one day, suddenly, the inhabitants of Pumapunku vanished and a great civilization came toppling down. The architecture found in the ruins astounds archaeologists and historians and has inspired advanced ancient civilization and ancient alien theories. Ceramics and textiles took on new color and vibrancy, and jewelry proliferated. Faces carved by the Tiwanaku at Tiwanaku City, an example of the art the great civilization left behind. Available at: https://www.theepochtimes.com/enduring-mystery-surrounds-the-ancient-site-of-puma-punku_1053085.html, Dunning, B. There were almost no markets; goods were distributed by the elites, those who owned the means of production. The architecture found in the ruins astounds archaeologists and historians and has inspired advanced ancient civilization and ancient alien theories. At the west entrance of Pumapunku Totora-reed stones were found. Even today, the stonework of the temple is considered so precise that ancient alien enthusiasts, it was made by lasers and other extraterrestrial technologies., Lost Cities and Ancient Mysteries of South America. Some authors believe that the Chachapumas demanded a "sacrifice" of humans when entering the monumental structures. This theory was first widely expounded by Graham Hancock, and he continues to be its champion: Chachapumas usually were placed on andesite pedestals on either side of the entrance. 33 Hells Angels Photos That Put You Inside The Notorious Biker Gang, Bollywood Star Sentenced To Prison For 20-Year-Old Poaching, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. Wikimedia CommonsWhat we have left today of Pumapunku. Spanish Conquistadors and others who visited the site during the 16th and 17th centuries described it as a wondrous, though unfinished, building with gateways and windows carved from single blocks., Pumapunku displayed a level of craftsmanship that was largely unparalleled in the pre-Columbian New World, and its often considered the architectural peak of Andean lithic technology prior to the arrival of the Europeans. On the northeast and southeast corners of the Pumapunku, it has 20-metre (66-foot) wide projections extending 27.6 metres (91 feet) north and south from the rectangular mound. The ancient civilization of Greece is a historical period that has long been a subject of fascination and intrigue. But the temple the Tiwanaku knew during the height of their empire would have been magnificent. It is one of the main features of the Pre-Columbian Tiwanaku archaeological complex , which also includes the Akapana and Akapana East stepped platforms, the Kalasasaya, Putuni, and Kheri Kala enclosures, and the Semi-Subterranean Temple. Andalusia is one of the leading global reference points for all things associated with the world of horses. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find. Tiwanaku is significant in Inca traditions because it is believed to be the site where the world was created. This has led some to suggest that the most plausible explanation is violent internal social upheaval, a kind of implosion that tore Tiwanaku society apart. Archaeologist Neil Steede, for example, has discussed how the astronomical alignments of the main temple at the site do suggest that it was built to coincide with the summer and winter solstices and the spring equinox as these events would have been seen 17,000 years ago. [23], However, according to Protzen, in Ollantaytambo only T-shaped sockets are found,[24] whereas in Tiwanaku cramp sockets of a wide range of shapes L, T, double-T or , U, Y, Z and dimensions are found. How the material arrived at the site is also a matter of debate but many experts believe that the stones were generally shipped across the lake in reed boats and then dragged overland by the large Tiwanaku workforce to reach the site. [50][pageneeded], Pumapunku is subject of pseudoscience theories on lost continents and extraterrestrial interventions. These cramps hold the blocks comprising the walls and bottom of stone-lined canals to drain sunken courts. The megaliths are among the largest on earth, with some weighing several tons. The mummies of Puma Punku, preserved on one of the Tiwanakus most sacred sites, provide evidence that all members of society from infants to the elderly regularly used psychoactive, hallucinogenic plants. Civilizations like the Assyrians, ancient Egyptians, the Maya, the Indus Valley peoples, and many others the world over were, if true, the second wave of civilizations, not the first. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in ancient Greece? Ancient Sound Technology; The Breath of Creation. [48][49], Apparently, this culture dissolved abruptly some time around AD 1000, and researchers can only guess the reasons. The pagan traditions associated with it have survived through the centuries, with many still A large Viking burial mound found on the island of Karmy off Norways western coast was long thought to be empty. These stones, he wrote, suggest prefabrication not found at the other Tiwanaku sites. This remains true for both academic archaeologists and historians as well as rogue historians who investigate the hypothesis of advanced prehistoric civilizations or ancient assistance from extraterrestrials. Bernab Cobo reports that one Gateway and one "window" was still standing on one of the platforms.[6]. The Significance of the Sacred Seal of Solomon and its Symbols, Homo Naledi: A Mysterious Extinct Human Species (Video), The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, The Incredible Odyssey of Mankind: Ape to Human in a Million Years (Video). I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, What's your favourite Fairy Tales (and their possible origins), about Fathoming the Ruins of Yanmen Shan Mountain and the Biggest Cut Rocks in the World, about Ancient Egyptian Weapons: The Evolution of Warfare, about The Cataclysm of Ra: Saving Humankind from Hathor Using Beer, about Helicopter Hieroglyphs? [51] The archeologist Jeb J. Based on the specific gravity of the red sandstone from which it was carved, this stone slab is estimated to weigh 131 tonnes (144 short tons). Anyone interested in the history of warfare or weaponry should make sure to look at ancient Egyptian weapons and how the Egyptian armies utilized their technological superiority. Appearing to depict modern or extraterrestrial vehicles, some claim that the Turkeys atalhyk settlement, which developed between 7,500 BC and 6,400 BC, is often referred to as the worlds first, and oldest, metropolitan city, and for good reason. Legends state that the first inhabitants had supernatural powers and were able to move stones from the ground and carry them through the air using sounds. Even accounting for the population growth/spread necessary to facilitate the transition, this seems like a LONG time before humans became civilized. [41] According to Alan Kolata the terraced platform mound depicted on the gateway of the sun is actually a stylized depiction of Pumapunku. [56], "nested square" symbol inside one "H-block". [47], The Tiwanaku civilization and the use of these enclosures and platform mounds appears to peak from AD 700 to 1000, by which point, the city core and surrounding area could house 400,000 residents. Virtual reconstruction of an entire andesite building at Puma Punku. Support for the argument is found in the step motif carved on the fourth monolith and the T-shape sockets cut into several blocks, both believed to be hallmarks of Tiahuanaco-style architecture. According to some theories, the Pumapunku complex and surrounding monumental structures like Akapana, Kalasasaya, Putuni, and Kerikala functioned as spiritual and ritual centers for the Tiwanaku. Several conflicting theories attempt to imagine the ways this labor force transported the stones, although these theories remain speculative. Either way, when the Inca people reached the site in 1470 it was evident that Tiwanaku had been deserted for centuries. Isla Verde 1864. So where does this leave us? [32] Some of these "model stones" like "little Pumapunku" are not isolates stones but, rather, seem to fit in the context of other stones and stone fragments. (2018) Reconstructing ancient architecture at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: the potential and promise of 3D printing. Heritage Science . Puma Punku in Bolivia is one of the world's most mysterious ancient sites. While many of the structures are still standing centuries after their inhabitants disappeared, most of the buildings are scattered and broken around the area, leaving researchers to wonder what possibly could have tossed around impossibly heavy buildings. [20] The cramp technique can also be found at buildings of Ancient Egypt (e. g. at the temple of Khnum) and Ancient Greece (e. g. at the Erechtheion). The destruction paints a picture of an angry populace but what might have thrown a stable population into chaos remains a mystery. A neighboring complex appears to have burned, and some vessels that appear to have been dedicated to food storage were smashed. The Controversial Lapedo Child A Neanderthal / Human Hybrid? Wikimedia CommonsPieces of Pumapunku that show the complex system by which the bricks were slotted together. The two most revealing As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. [] Many T-shaped sockets are indeed found at Tiahuanaco in particular at the site of Puma Punku []. Several stones have been repurposed for other construction projects, and scholars also believe that many pieces of jewelry, ornaments, metal artifacts, and bright potsherds have been dug up and removed. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}163342S 684048W / 16.56169S 68.67993W / -16.56169; -68.67993. The foundation platform of Pumapunku supported as many as eight andesite gateways. In. Jean-Pierre Protzen and Stella Nair point out that the "steep parabolic curve" of the doubly curved lintels (like the one of the Kantatayita lintel) would be difficult to replicate for modern stonemasons ("would tax any stonemason's skills today"). Ruins of Pumapunku or Puma Punku part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku Bolivia Puma Punku - Bolivia Ancient Carved Stone Blocks Stone Gate at Kalasayaya temple, Tiahuanaco, Bolivia Megalithic stone in Bolivia Ponce Sangins, C. and G. M. Terrazas, 1970, Protzen, J.-P., and S.E.. Nair, 2000, "On Reconstructing Tiwanaku Architecture:". The amazing stonecutting technology at Puma Punku has hardly gone unnoticed. It is believed to date to AD 536. Pumapunku, or "Gateway of the Puma," was a temple complex consisting of plazas and ramps placed on a raised platform, Vranich writes in a paper published in the open access journal Heritage. There is also evidence of buried homes and irrigation systems laying beneath and between the various features of the Tiwanaku complex. Posnansky, who worked at the site for decades, estimated that Puma Punku was far older than academics surmised. Both of these stone blocks are part of the Plataforma Ltica, and are red sandstone. It was his image they carved onto the Gateway of the Sun, a massive stone arch thought to have been part of Pumapunku before it was relocated to nearby Kalasasaya. They call it "strikingly consistent choice of technical means" ("auffallend bereinstimmenden Wahl der technischen Mittel") which they think is due to "similar patterns in human way of thinking" ("Gesetzmssigkeit der menschlichen Denkentwickelung"). Its weight is estimated to be 85.21 tonnes (93.93 short tons). In the ancient city of Abydos, within the famed temple of Seti I, strange hieroglyphs were discovered on the ceiling. Then much later, the black-headed people came across the Bering and claimed the ruins and all the non-ferrous metals. Pumapunku, also spelled Puma Punku, is the remains of a holy site in the jungles of Bolivia that has attracted much attention as of late. From Pyramids to Temples: Discovering the 15 Most Ancient Buildings on Earth (Video), 5 Pagan Traditions That Will Leave You Spellbound (Video), 10 Supernatural Powers from the Deities of World Mythology, 13th Century Magical Merlin Manuscript Shares Original Legend, Hidden in Plain Sight: The Pterodactyl of New Guinea. . Cutting Edge Celtic Tech - 2,300-year-old Scissors Still Sharp and Shiny! Using historical data, 3-D-printed pieces, and architectural software, Berkeley archaeologist Alexei Vranichs virtual reconstruction of Puma Punku provides a glimpse into the structures original appearance. Pumapunku, a name that means door of the puma, was a holy site started between 500 and 600 CE. | by Rufat Rassulov | Lessons from History | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. Although the Puma Punku megaliths are the most eye-catching aspects of the site, the majority of the architecture is made up of smaller stones. Pumapunku or Puma Punku (Aymara and Quechua which literally means 'Gate of the Puma') is a 6th-century T-shaped and strategically aligned man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental structure on top that is part of the Pumapunku complex, at the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanacu, in western Bolivia. 'In Bolivia, Great Excavations; Tiwanaku Digs Unearthing New History of the New World', Lechtman, H.N., 1998, 'Architectural cramps at Tiwanaku: copper-arsenic-nickel bronze.' Precisely cut H-shaped blocks at Puma Punku. The conventional explanation for how the stones were worked says that they were first pounded with stone hammers to create depressions, then ground and polished smooth with sand and flat stones. However, the most emblematic horse in . Aimee Lamoureux is a writer based in New York City. Just after World War II, Austrian archaeologist Arthur Posnansky had a hypothesis that was far ahead of his time. [12], According to Protzen and Nair, tools have never in history been excavated or identified that were used in the construction of Tiwanaku. It was once an earthen mound with carved red sandstone walls that would have shone in the sun. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? There are varying reports on the weight of the largest stones ranging from 140 tons to 800 tons, with the larger number often provided by sources leaning towards alternative explanations on how the site was built. Since the radiocarbon date came from the deepest and oldest layer of mound-fill under the andesite and sandstone stonework, the stonework was probably constructed sometime after AD 536600. Examinations of hair samples exhibit remnants of psychoactive substances in many mummies found in Tiwanaku culture from Northern Chile, including babies as young as one year of age, demonstrating the importance of these substances to the Tiwanaku. [12] The precise cuts suggest the possibility of pre-fabrication and mass production, technologies far in advance of the Tiwanakus Inca successors hundreds of years later. https://lookoomehome.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/11a-ponce-monolith-tiwa https://cdn.xxl.thumbs.canstockphoto.com/tiwanaku-monolith-closeup-view- https://www.travelyesplease.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IMG_3670-Edit https://images.fineartamerica.com/images/artworkimages/mediumlarge/1/ten Just like with the ancient Greek (or Atlantean-era) statues from Africa, Europe, and Asia, THE NOSES ARE SMASHED OFF. [12] Modern engineers argue that base of Pumapunku was constructed using a technique called layering and depositing. It remains to be shown whether their forays into other dimensions offered these early people a special insight into how to create their megaliths or even how to contact beings who could teach them advanced methodologies. For a time, the stone portraits found at Tiwanaku were believed to depict those first humans. We went from horse and carriage to landing on the moon in 70 years. Was the Sirius Star System Home to the Dogon African Tribe? that all members of society from infants to the elderly regularly used psychoactive, hallucinogenic plants. [4] The precision with which these angles create flush joints is indicative of sophisticated knowledge of stone-cutting and a thorough understanding of descriptive geometry. ", One gateway at Pumapunku with similar iconography to the Gateway of the Sun, Nested structures which are typical for Pumapunku Style architecture, Cramp technique at Tiwanaku (above) compared to the one in, Vranich, A., 2006, "The Construction and Reconstruction of Ritual Space at Tiwanaku, Bolivia: A.D. 500-1000. Beneath the kilometer of arid earth that separates Pumapunku from the nearby Kalasasaya monument, archeologists and surveyors have discovered hundreds of buried homes and the evidence of vast irrigation systems that would have turned the surrounding desert green. After Akapana, which is believed to be "Pumapunku's twin", Pumapunku was the second most important construction in Tiwanaku. Puma Punku - Google My Maps Puma Punku Puma Punku Sign in Open full screen to view more This map was created by a user. Thousands of websites and references which refer to pseudoscientific theories of alien and Atlantis enthusiasts exist. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. Skeptic Brian Dunning, the host of the Skeptoid podcast, described the sites row of H-shaped blocks that have approximately 80 faces on them; and all matching each other with great precision. We use cookies and similar technologies to run this website and help us make recommendations for you. jeep3r. Some evidence suggests that those who suffered this fate may have been not native Tiwanaku but rather outsiders captured in raids or battles. Then, take a look at the city of giants found in Ethiopia. [42] The incredibly precise stones, precision cuts, and polished surfaces have defied explanation for centuries. During their peak centuries, the Tiwanaku culture dominated the Lake Titicaca basin as well as portions of Bolivia and Chile. Now that we have the technology to find their remains beneath the seas of the world, we're finding more and more. 06The Mystery of Puma Punku 07Aliens and Bigfoot 08The Da Vinci Conspiracy 09The Time Travelers 10Aliens and Dinosaurs. Did Our Ancestors Know How to Open A Portal to Another Dimension? According to Card, Atlantis and aliens enthusiasts point to the fine-cut masonry and the location of Pumapunku in the high Altiplano as mysteries. Why would it take them so damn long to come up with the transition from hunter/gatherers to agriculture/civilization only about 7000 years ago? Inactive since the 1980s. Even with modern-day technology and information, these structures defy logic and confound those who seek to solve the mysteries that lie within them. Pumapunku, a name that means "door of the puma," was a holy site started between 500 and 600 CE. Today, Puma Punku is little more than an assortment of interesting weather-worn stone ruins at first glance, but scholars believe it was once a wonderous site for the Tiwanaku culture. Current understanding of this complex is limited due to its age, the lack of a written record, and the current deteriorated state of the structures due to treasure hunting, looting, stone mining for building stone and railroad ballast, and natural weathering. Interviews with modern day stonemasons have revealed that even with todays advanced technology, it would be extremely difficult to replicate the precision observed in the stones found at Puma Punku.