She'll investigate cause of death, but it's complicated, because of the Spanish flu pandemic from the same period. A beautiful antique sideboard in the dining room. easy prey for hawks. Never miss a Between Naps on the Porch post! The plants also fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, replenishing what's lost in
This home is amazing. 3,457 Sq. What is it like for you to read those words today? occurring on gamelands, state and national forest lands, and military bases
Young in every subspecies have vivid blotches. Life-span is
An example of Greek Revival architecture. Adult gopher tortoises range in length from 6 to 14.5 inches. When settled, Greenwood was surrounded by large plantations. The nuthatch nests in low snags in the
ironweed (Vernonia angustifolia), deer tongue (Carphephorus odoratissima),
In 1899, Payne engaged architect Stanford White of the firm McKim, Mead & White to add two small, symmetric side wings and additional living and kitchen space in the rear of the main house. which have narrow, stiff leaves, are a vital component of the ecosystem in parts
The house burned to the ground when lightning struck it in 1960, leaving only the pillars and chimneys. Wiregrasses,
From a high grain elevator, a machine gun laid fire on Greenwood Avenue. Und heute habe ich sie im Internet entdeckt, und Ihre fotos mit meinen verglichen. The longleaf pine's resistance to fire may contribute to its longevity. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. through translucent spots in the hood. stimulates flowering April through June; early summer fire stimulates flowering
A deputy sheriff reported a black man dragged behind a car, "his head was being bashed in, the deputy said, bouncing on the steel rails and bricks." Go to Sherpa Guides
It dies at the end of this two-year
92 million acres from southeastern Virginia to central Florida to eastern Texas. In 1942, Jock married Betsey Cushing, former wife of James Roosevelt. action. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Subscribe for Daily Blog Post Updates! I think its so wonderful when folks hear about old homes being restored or saved and they return original pieces back to the home. for food storage. The plantation was an important site of the American Civil War, and was the site of a famous mass freedmans cemetery. A closer lookanyone else love old canes or love to collect them? in some managed hunting areas has been to dedicate a specific block of land
Israel Pickens was the third governor of Alabama (1821-1825). Oil made Greenwood rich, but jealousy made it suffer. It looks dead during periods of drought but once the rain returns, it comes back to life and turns green again. and spider orchid (Habenaria quinqueseta). other hosts include wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana), St. John's wort
family Scrophulariaceae, hummingbird flower-so named for the birds that pollinate
Lets go inside Greenwood and take the tour. The red-cockaded woodpecker is a cooperative breeding species and
Body coloring
Georgia's official state reptile and the only tortoise found naturally east
Wiregrass
is unknown, but it does not appear to harm host plants. The plantation was then bought by the Metairie Land Company and was owned by them until 1914. Quotes from eyewitnesses include, "old women and men, children were running and screaming everywhere." Greenwood Plantation was built in 1830 by William Ruffin Barrow in the Greek Revival style of architecture with 28 columns surrounding the mansion. Throughout his lifetime, he has been able to acquire a variety of fine furniture and even a few antique items. Replies to my comments Beautiful and special place. each cavity. cross-pollination is achieved. of Georgia, North Carolina, and most of Florida. G.T. [6], Jock died in 1982, and his widow in 1998; upon her death, she left the plantation to the family's Greentree Foundation, who maintained the property according to a conservation plan created by her and expert consultants. Greenwood Plantation was then sold to the St. Francisville Land Company and has remained in their possession ever since. This perennial bunch grass grows in the seasonal wet bogs and dry sandhills
Im glad the furniture wasnt in the home when the fire occurred! Pitcher plants
Go
white cheek, and back barred with black and white horizontal stripes that give
The plantation was used as a Union hospital after the Civil War. One of my favorites and one of the first I ever visited as a high schooler years ago. for many birds and small mammals. But what happened next may have frightened Buck Franklin even more. Fire spreads easily
tuberosus) has evolved to resemble flowers that do, often growing alongside
Following the disaster of a fire in 1968, the Barnes purchased the property. The cotton mouse is both an adept climber and swimmer. the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center in Baker Country, Georgia showed
The white sap gives the tree a candle-like appearance. Especially noteworthy is its resistance to the southern pine beetle,
species. You'll find contact information for Susan. The old houses really do have a spirit, a soul. no reason. have fiddle-shaped, yellow to reddish-green flowers that grow on separate, leafless
In parts of the coastal flatlands from southeast Mississippi to southeast Georgia
as shelter for birds and small mammals, edible grains, and fuel for fires. It is on U.S. Route 61, 2.2 kilometers (1.4 mi) to the north of St. Francisville, Louisiana. This tree's growth cycle depends upon regular low-intensity fires. in February or March and then again in June or July. Anne Butler and Norman Ferachi describe the process in their book. This property is located in Thomas County and is owned by Emily Paddy Vanderbilt Wade, the Greenwood buyer. Most native species are perennials and tolerant of the shade created by the
VIDEO TOUR. Last December, before the pandemic, we found Tulsa preparing to embrace a reckoning, with a plan to exhume the truth and raise the dead. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. for food-insect larvae, cockroaches, beetles, ants, and centipedes-in tree limbs
I love old canes and have a small collection of antique and newer canes in my foyer as seen in this post: Cane Collection. with reduced eye size, elongated appendages, and depigmentation. pine forests. pictures of greenwood plantation. And he was talking about this massacre riot. During Reconstruction and the decades that followed, Greenwood largely fell into ruin until the plantation was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Frank Percy in 1915. In case youre interested, youll find links to the other Louisiana Plantations Ive visited and posted about here: https://betweennapsontheporch.net/category/home-tours/louisiana/ and a few Mississippi Plantations here: https://betweennapsontheporch.net/category/home-tours/historic-mississippi/ . The Thibodaux Volunteer Fire Department is an all-volunteer department that provides. Also called the "sandy mounder" or "salamander," the southeastern pocket gopher
eat slugs, spiders, and insects. Exclusively carnivorous, they
spend their days cracking seeds with their enlarged jaws to feed other ants. I am so glad we toured this house. prevent the prey from escaping and it is broken down by plant enzymes and bacterial
The advantage of this arrangement is that during pollination, an insect can
Adult males have a thin red streak above the cheek, visible only up close or
yellow fringed (Platanthera ciliaris), white fringed (P. blephariglottis),
the soil surface for seeds and provide nutrients for germination. larvae are nocturnal. The Greenwood fire, in the Superior National Forest not far from the Canadian border, has burned more than 25,000 acres since it began on Aug. 15, according to the U.S. Forest Service. According to the Greenwood County Coroner's Office, 76-year-old Elaine Marie Pepper was found dead as crews battled a fire at the home on Manning Road in the Avondale subdivision around 10:15 a.m. areas) and brings nutrients to the surface. That's not a mower, it's ground penetrating radar. clumps act as a net to catch fallen pine needles, allowing air to circulate
are used to clear the ground for longleaf pine germination, remove competing
I said, "Man, what are you talking about?" Loved it. John W. Franklin: The community that is Greenwood has thriving businesses, professional offices, doctors, lawyers, dentists, John W. Franklin speaks of Greenwood in the present tense. Even memories were murdered when the dead were dropped into unmarked graves. to south Florida. Merci pour le partage de ses merveilleuses photos. the pine trees). to southern Georgia and northern Florida, inhabiting areas where pine seeds
plant shoots up and blooms during its second year, offering a showy flower with
Struck by lightning in 1960, the house burned to the ground, leaving only the twenty-eight brick columns of its gallery and four chimneys. No plans of the house existed, so the owners, Walter Barnes and his son Richard, based its reconstruction on the surviving foundations, photographs, an inventory of furnishings, and oral descriptions. Neither Greenwood nor Ellerslie are imaginative designs, but their sheer size makes them impressive. Im going to add that to the post! Adult pocket gophers are
Adults average 6 feet in length; the
farmland of the Coastal Plain from eastern Louisiana to southeastern North Carolina
You can also subscribe without commenting. pine grasslands host abundant and diverse native legume species; a study at
mariana), rayless sunflower (Helianthus radula), narrow leaf sunflower
This bird's traditional habitat is mature to old-growth southern pine woodland
Grasses
colored neck and breast and a gray back. Dana sits on a bed and watches a small red-haired boy, who looks like an older version of Rufus, accidentally set fire to the drapes with a burning stick.Realizing the danger of a fire in a wooden house, Dana gathers up the curtains and throws them out the window. (Lespedezas spp. Thanks for the great info! for the grassland's thick groundcover. He still lives in Greenwood with his wife and family. Mating, which occurs throughout the year, is less prevalent in midsummer and
has gradually begun to colonize recent clear-cuts and old fields, but those
along the savanna floor and keep the ground primed for burns. preference for older growth pine is well documented, as is the sparrow's preference
only woodpecker that excavates cavities exclusively in living pine trees. Bynum: As a mayor, I view it as a homicide investigation. Privacy Policy. Oh my- oh my! Moreover, the sparrow no longer
Destruction
This mounding
Bynum: Right because of the history of racial disparity that exists in our city. Various scrub oaks comprise the sparse, broad-leaved understory (the middle
southeastern United States (despite a white belly and feet). ranges from light to reddish-brown on the back, with a tan or buff underside. I had the privilege of touring this beautiful place a few years ago! Greenwood is located in West Feliciana Parish which is about an hour's drive north of Baton Rouge. stage. Clans spend a great deal of time foraging
2. tortoise to adapt to grassy roadsides and fallow fields in sandy plain areas
), goat's rue (Tephrosia virginiana), sensitive
one of the more dominant families of flora represented in the longleaf pine-wiregrass
The
The major causes for this plant's decline include fire suppression, continued
farming. And he's the first person in the family to go to college, Buck Colbert Franklin. the terminal bud at the crown safely above the reach of surface fires. Thanks for that infoI remember that nowso glad you remembered! back from the eye, gray back heavily streaked with dark brown, light gray or
as broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum secundum),
It is at the top of my list now.. Phoebe Stubblefield: We could try for genealogical matches. It's definitely not like CSI. Adapted from Karen KingsleysBuildings of Louisiana, part of the Buildings of the United States series commissioned by theSociety of Architectural Historians(www.sah.org)and published by Oxford University Press. the margins of depressional wetlands and the ecotone of upland longleaf pine
Just stunningall of it! Adult salamanders
Like other plantation-owning members of the Barrow family, William Barrow amassed an enormous fortune. 2.5 Baths. The plantations owner, Richard Barnes, led us first into his study. G.T. nectar from its hood to attract insects. Longleaf pine seeds are not part of the harvester ants' diet, and they will
also scarab beetles, are obligate associates of the gopher tortoise. It nests under old stumps, logs, and brush
flanks. About 300 personnel are battling the flames. Ruffin was the most successful plantation owner in Louisiana, according to his descendants. Love it. (You can unsubscribe anytime). ponds in the rainy months from October to December are coated with a protective
Decorating, Tablescaping, Before and Afters, Thrifty Finds, and Gardening. It secretes
European settlers were greeted by a vast longleaf pine-grassland savanna covering
Some of the oaks had resurrection fern growing in them, how appropriate for this home with its history, huh? Debris accumulated over a number
Its golden beard-a
midwinter. Greenwood is open for tours and offers bedand-breakfast accommodations. Emily Paddy Vanderbilt Wade recently purchased over 4,000 acres of Greenwood Plantation in Thomasville to include the Big Woods, a large tract of old-growth forest. Mature red-cockaded woodpeckers are about 7 inches long, with a black crown,
Sticky with stigmatic
only member of its species found east of the Mississippi, occurring also in
Thanks for the tour look forward to its part two. The 9/11 memorial, the Vietnam memorial. to be transferred to the column below the orchid's lip. areas of longleaf dominance were and are far from homogenous. ecosystems, harboring thousands of fire-adapted plants and animals including
Famous for
Areas burned by the Greenwood Fire -- which was first spotted near Greenwood Lake north of Two Harbors . This structure also
Along with the Bachman's sparrow and red-cockaded woodpecker, the brown-headed
a ladder-back appearance. will actually fight each other to defend their territory. John W. Franklin: We don't know the names. rare. Heartbreaking! The gopher's burrow system also includes a latrine chamber
Its Greek Revival main house was built in 1838 and expanded in 1899. of longleaf fragments in unusually wet or dry areas that were not suited to
I've never heard of this ever.". Greenwood Plantation, one of the best-known homes of the region before a 1993 fire ravaged it, now has a brand-new exterior. These are heavy-bodied snakes, recognizable by a distinctive
population of Sherman's fox squirrels (Sciurus niger shermani) has plunged
Several homes are still maintained that were built before the Civil War, including the Hayes House, the Erwin House, Great Oaks and the Hayes-Long Mansion, first built by large land owners. wood grass (S. nutans), panic grass (Panicum spp. to pen-raised quail while devoting most of the property to native populations. Robert Turner: I don't know how they did it. whistle is heard in spring and summer. In 1921, a white mob, with incendiary rage, burned Greenwood to ash. And by the way, Tulsa's not unique in that regard. Identifiable by flowers that resemble peas and pod-like seed
He said he got over 350 replies to his ad which helped him immensely in gathering photos, furniture and the history of the house. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Louisiana that are National Historic . No insurance honored for black Tulsans, no arrests made, no complete count of the dead. No. G.T. I cant help but think about the money spent to rebuild it! THOMASVILLE Emily "Paddy" Vanderbilt Wade recently purchased 4,000-plus acres of Greenwood Plantation in Thomasville to include the Big Woods, a large tract of old-growth forest. What a fantastic home!!! They took nice furniture, money. which is black with occasional traces of white between its scales; the corn
One-Year subscription (4 issues) : $20.00, Two-Year subscription (8 issues) : $35.00, 64 Parishes 2023. $745,000 Last Sold Price. fire suppression (which allows a dense understory to choke out the herbaceous
Subspecies occurring in Georgia include the black rat snake (E. o. obsoleta),
ground cover species. The Sherman's fox
Butler-Greenwood Plantation: April 17, 1979: St. Francisville: West Feliciana: 82002754 Calliham Plantation House . Lovely place. "On they rushed, whooping to the tops of their voices, firing their guns every step they took." To protect nest cavities from predators such as tree-climbing snakes, red-cockaded
Jaws are sharp and beak-like. Located on the grounds of the Greenwood Plantation, Greenwood Plantation B&B Inn provides accommodations in St. Francisville. What a fun trip for you both! Thanks, Linda. characterized by dark gray to brown splotches on a whitish to gray background. That's not accurate." Scott Pelley: You never heard about this in class? the ecosystem. Greenwood Plantation is a plantation in the Red Hills Region of southern Georgia, just west of Thomasville. Scott Pelley: How many people were arrested, tried, for what happened in Greenwood? As a tourist, I enjoy taking photographs of the chandeliers during our tour. Because the district was lined with black-owned shops, restaurants, two newspapers, a 54-room grand hotel, a hospital and the Dreamland Theater, which would soon boast air conditioning. I love old canes and have a small collection of antique and newer canes in my entryway. Because the growing
Bladderworts and yellow butterworts have yellow flowers. and ticks. 470 were here. The importance of fire for this ecosystem's ongoing health cannot be overstated. Juvenile males have a small red area on the crown. The plantation still employs over 300 people who are able to produce cattle, hay, and pecans on more than 300 acres. needles and large, 6- to 12-inch-long cones. Un billet trs prcieux Jai beaucoup aim la visite et lhistoire de cette demeure. Wow, what an incredible house and I love the story behind it. badius) a visible resident of xeric longleaf pine ecosystems. The original plantation spread over 12,000 acres and produced cotton and sugar cane up until the Civil War aka War Between The States. reaching heights of 80 to 100 feet with a trunk diameter exceeding 2.5 feet. Scott Pelley: One of the moments during the riot that your grandfather wrote about was this. make contact with hundreds of flowers at once. Chaffseed is a single- to multi-stemmed perennial with purplish-red to
The largest of the southeastern fox squirrels, adults in this species weigh
Enter text In 1921, a. Legumes
Carolina wiregrass (Aristida stricta) dominates in
diurnal constrictor that preys on birds, eggs, lizards, mice, and small mammals. jelly that dissolves when rain fills the pond. Please enter valid email address to continue. The fire . At least three dozen grasses occur in longleaf pine-grassland habitats, indispensable
dig their own burrows, leaving conspicuous mounds of sand at the entrance to
This rodent's genus name, Peromyscus, derives from the Greek words
the tree's range. The
Populations have dwindled significantly from habitat loss. with the longleaf pine-wiregrass plains of southwestern Georgia. Go back to previous page. lutea), and sundews (Drosera capillaris, several other spp.) Thanks, Martine! Age is determined by counting
native legumes include numerous beggarweeds (Desmodium spp.) They attach their roots to host plants to satisfy some nutritional requirements-in
Ground penetrating radar searching for anaomalies. a major root and trunk system underground (though not in the shape of the aboveground
Listen From its start one year ago, Greenwood Fire changed landscape of northeast Minnesota. The house burned to the ground when lightning struck it in 1960, leaving only the pillars and chimneys. The dining rooms dining table was made by hand from a piece that was built when the home was built. The pocket gopher is a solitary animal except during biannual breeding seasons,
Because the house did not have a plan, the owners rebuilt it on the foundations that are still standing. When its pouches
cycle and results in the maintenance of higher fuel loading than sites without
Their distinctive antennae, which are composed of leaflike plates called lamellae,
ants have a blunt stinger that can produce a rather painful sting. Firefighters battled an apartment fire at the Plantations . The Greenwood Plantation ante-bellum main house, a lodge, stables, garage and eight staff houses and cottages on a 235-acre tract were sold to Westchester South Investments, LLC, for just under. Cant wait to see the rest. Natural predators include
after fire. A compromise
Congregant: You never heard a word about it. to turn around underground). insect falls into the liquid-filled "pitcher" of the leaf, where curved hairs
April 17, 1979. This post is getting so long with 21 pictures already, so Im going to stop here for today. Your pictures are great. Bynum: We believe at the end of this road we're walking down right now is one of the sites where we found an anomaly. Its call is a short double note that
The instant I saw the plantation house in the movie I recognized it and had to verify that it was indeed the Greenwood we had visited. palustris) is distinguishable from other pines by its unusually long, 10-inch-long
which decimates loblolly and slash pines. Bonjour chre amie, If it wasnt for you and a handful of other folks letting me know, I would have no way of knowing. (Hypericum spp. The nameless were buried in unmarked graves while their families were locked down in the internment camps. I am so glad we toured this house. In an attempt to limit the transfer of pests across state lines in firewood, these guidelines . In the days after World War I, a neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, called Greenwood was among the wealthiest black communities. Staff. 9 to 12 inches long, including a 3- to 3.5-inch-long hairless tail. / CBS News. In 2018, he ordered an investigation of all remaining evidence. The bottom segment of the
for agriculture, and fire suppression. xo Laura. ranges from grayish black to dark brown in color. And that's the same basement that we have today. Listed as both a federally and state endangered plant, American chaffseed
Scott Pelley: this was not taught in the public schools? she informed us she only lives there now her parents travel and her brother is not nor does he want to be involved with the home . The number of dead is estimated between 150 and 300. Crews had been bracing for a . and they reach mature size within two months. The composite family (Compositae) wears the title of the most diverse family
of tunnels that may reach 500 feet in length. Coloring
are full, the pocket gopher deposits this plant matter in chambers dug specifically
Only then does she see the fireplace in the room where she could have safely let the drapes burn, but luckily the curtains land . Scott Pelley: I wonder if there are any doubts in this room about whether there are mass graves in Tulsa, Oklahoma. This is a city of wealth and order, and governance. Without fire, this tree will eventually disappear, succumbing
Adults live an average of four
dung rolled in by their parents. on the Coastal Plain, bluestem, silky scale, toothache, and dropseed grasses
wetland drainage, and excessive competition caused by eutrophication (a process
A kid that's growing up in the predominantly African American part of our city is expected to live 11 years less than a kid that's growing up in a whiter part of the city. part of a grass stem is at the base rather than the tip, grasses reappear quickly
We're part of a city. of more than 80 percent of its natural habitat, however, has forced the gopher
pouches where it stores the berries, seeds, and nuts accumulated during night
He said he got over 350 replies to his ad which helped him immensely in gathering photos, furniture and the history of the house. in the longleaf pine-wiregrass community, where it finds abundant low-growing
I can never resist taking pictures of chandeliersyoull be seeing a lot of them as I post tours of the plantation homes we visited. not readily re-establish once destroyed. this ecosystem. stalks. John W. Franklin: Greenwood is the nexus of that African American community. It's now been taken over by a mob. Thanks in advance, Vicki in Louisville KY. Vicki, thanks so much for letting me know. pogonia (Cleistes divaricata), displays pink to white curved petals and
or reddish-orange splotches; and the gray rat snake (E. o. spiloides),
cover. packets, legumes can be vines, herbs, or woody shrubs. Gardens and ruins open daily, March 1 to June 30 & October 1 to December 1. . Courting pairs construct ground nests of dead plant matter. We have to dig. Real Estate Highlights in Greenwood Plantation G.T. ears and nose. squirrel will occasionally use a tree cavity for nesting. A century-old home on Equen Plantation that is a landmark just north of Minter City erupted in flames and burned to the ground within two or three hours late Friday afternoon. "Anomalies" of disturbed earth showed up in the studies of Scott Hammerstedt. of 7 to 8 inches. The chandeliers are my favorite too. Elizabeth United States of America. Bynum: What you have is a case of law and civil order being overrun by people who were filled with hatred. and chirp. The sundew's flowers occur as clusters of white blooms on one side of a tall,
This grand entrance hall is 70 feet long. This is so frustrating to us readers and I know you have worked and worked on it.. but oh, I hope you get this messsage and can fix it. where fire is a primary land management tool. 4 Beds. I knowstarting almost from scratch! John W. Franklin: He hears that there's to be possibly a lynching. dollar leaf (Rhyncosia reniformis), and rabbitbells (Crotalaria rotundifolia). Gopher tortoises are most vulnerable on their backs and can rarely right themselves. tuft of bristles on the plant's lip- attracts bees, whose weight causes them
and spiders) reside exclusively in the burrows of either gopher tortoises or
giving the superficial appearance of a clump of grass. wiregrass. National Guard troops pressed the attack against what one guard officer called "the enemy." of over 13,000 species, exceeded in diversity only by the composites. Saplings remain in the "grass stage"
to make viable seed. And, in a running gun battle, the mob chased the black vets to Greenwood. Quail live in groups, or coveys, until the nesting season begins in April. Insectivorous plants are common in the bogs associated with some longleaf
I tried re-upping again, nada. G.T. Another beautiful antique here in the dining room. Some of the rooms in the home are furnished or decorated for use in a film. The squirrel's head is usually black with white
Scott Pelley: And there's only one way to find out? No doubts? The Plantation consists of 5,200 acres in the main tract, but several others brings it up to 14,000 acres. limbs, segmented bodies, and chitinous shells that includes crustacea, insects,
In the days after World War I, a neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, called Greenwood was among the wealthiest black communities. He even invited us into a sitting room where our small group all sat down and visited with him, listening to the history and more recent happenings inside this amazing home. (Schwalbea americana) flowers in direct response to fire. material, the bee picks up pollen grains; when it travels to another orchid,
$1,250/mo. shell, or plastron is yellowish to light brown. I was in awe of this beautiful place! It is considered the South's finest example of classic colonial. We don't know the names. Read
At some point, someone contacted them and either gave them the table or sold it back to them. Something like that will have to be planned. Wade paid a. pocket gophers. John W. Franklin: He too was traumatized by seeing people being shot in front of his eyes. Its range is the Coastal Plain from eastern
and birds, and their venom is highly destructive to blood tissue. Common
coloring, mild manner, and the fact that it is the longest snake in North America. Its burrow provides feeding grounds and shelter for more than 300 other animal
pattern of dark diamonds with light centers bordered by light yellow scales. The rooms are a great size- a very impressive grand home. Linda Locker Locker Properties. franki. Van Duzer later sold the home to Col. Oliver Hazard Payne, who bequeathed the home in 1916 to his nephew, the millionaire and horse racing enthusiast Payne Whitney. The Whitneys, who also owned a number of other homes in New York and England, regularly visited Greenwood as their winter home, often bringing their thoroughbred race horses with them. Tulsa is still one of the most segregated cities in the country. ), asters (Aster spp. We visited Greenwood a few years ago. But it's very consistent with one. Greenwood Plantation was featured in five films. Black veterans of World War I arrived to shield the defendant for his day in court. characterized by frequent fire and a thick grass and herb understory.