In all, BATs receive a total of 32 firearms training sessions, when combining classroom instruction, gear issue, and pistol, rifle, and shotgun live fire training at the DEA Academy. In 2017, Milione completed a 20-year career with DEA, culminating in his assignment as the Assistant Administrator, Diversion Control Division from 2015 to 2017, where he oversaw all matters related to DEAs mission of regulating more than 1.6 million DEA registrants across the entire pharmaceutical supply chain. 9. DEA. [citation needed] The dispensary operator of Natural Hybrid (NHI Caregivers) was forced to close down the collective due to the tremendous loss caused by the DEA conducted joint task force raid against them. have criticized the DEA for using tax dollars in what they call an attempt to change public opinion, which they call an overreach from the scope of the agency's job of enforcement, and that by releasing such non-peer-reviewed reports is a transparent attempt to justify its own activities. [75], "The people of California and the County of Santa Cruz have overwhelmingly supported the provision of medical marijuana for people who have serious illnesses," county Supervisor Mardi Wormhoudt told the San Francisco Chronicle. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Federal Authorities Announce 11 Cases Charging Alleged Drug Dealers with Providing Opioids that Led to Fatal Overdoses Drug Enforcement Administration William Bodner Special Agent in Charge Los Angeles @dealosangeles May 20, 2021 Contact: Nicole Nishida Phone Number: (571) 387-3136 For Immediate Release DEA agents' primary service weapons are the Glock 17 and Glock 19, Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun, and Rock River Arms LAR-15 semi-automatic carbine in 5.5645mm NATO. More than 159,737 signatures have been gathered globally with the intention that Rosenberg be fired or forced to resign as head of DEA. He was interrogated under torture and murdered. Some of the SRT missions consist of high-risk arrests, vehicle assaults, air assault/infiltration, specialized surveillance, custody of high-profile individuals, dignitary and witness protection, tactical surveillance and interdiction, advanced breaching, tactical training to other police units, and urban and rural fugitive searches. Official websites use .gov In 2017, SAC Oz transferred to DEA Headquarters in Arlington, Virginia, where she gained exposure to the many foreign and domestic facets of the agency. All operational prison staff are trained in search techniques with the use of drug dogs, closed circuit television (CCTV) and drug testing among prisoners. Cheri Oz is the Special Agent in Charge (SAC) of the Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA) Phoenix Field Division. In 2009 the fee for a three-year license was $551. Guiding, coaching, mentoring and often simply listening were the skillsets she developed while supervising and motivating those around her. DEA's headquarters is located in Arlington, Virginia, across from the Pentagon. Because of the clandestine nature of the DEA mission, SRT training protocols and activation requirements are highly sensitive and not available to the public. DEA. [19] In 2015, the DCE/SP was responsible for the eradication of 3,932,201 cultivated outdoor cannabis plants and 325,019 indoor plants for a total of 4,257,220 marijuana plants. Controlled drugs are divided into three classes according to their potential for harm. [32] In contrast, Europe has seen a decrease from heroin overdoses, and a practical absence of illicit, synthetic opioids. A counterpoint to that criticism is that under the Controlled Substances Act it is the Department of Health and Human Services (through the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institute on Drug Abuse), not the DEA, which has the legal responsibility to make scientific and medical determinations with respect to drug scheduling; no drug can be scheduled if the Secretary of Health and Human Services recommends against it on a scientific or medical basis, and no drug can be placed in the most restrictive schedule (Schedule I) if DHHS finds that the drug has an accepted medical use. Website Drug Enforcement Administration. Originally, introduced to replace much of the white powder heroin in the Eastern United States, the drug continues to move further west. SAC Ozs wide breadth of experience and assignments along with her ability to organize complex, long-term operations involving state, local, federal and foreign agencies made her the perfect choice for leading a division that sits as a chokepoint for the illegal drugs coming into the U.S. every day. The administrator and deputy administrator are the only presidentially appointed personnel in the DEA; all other DEA officials are career government employees. [3] It proposed the creation of a single federal agency to enforce the federal drug laws as well as consolidate and coordinate the government's drug control activities. Enforcing drug laws takes creativity and persistence, but supervising drug investigators takes finesse. https://www.dea.gov/phoenix/phoenix-leadership. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Drug-Enforcement-Administration, The United States Department of Justice - Drug Enforcement Administration, Official Site of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug Enforcement Administration - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), El Chapo sons charged with smuggling cheap fentanyl to US, DEA chief grilled over probe into no-bid contracts, hiring, GOP senator demands DEA boss explain no-bid contracts, hires. Milione serves as the principal assistant to the DEA Administrator, he leads an agency of more than 10,000 public servantsincluding more than 4,000 Special Agents and nearly 900 Intelligence Analystswho work in 241 offices across the United States and 93 foreign offices across the globe. In 2019/2020, record overdoses from illicit fentanyl tablets or as a deadly adulterant in heroin have ravaged North America. Upon graduating from the DEA Academy in Quantico, Virginia, SAC Oz was assigned to the Los Angeles Field Division. As Administrator, she leads an agency of more than 10,000 public servantsincluding more than 4,000 Special Agents and nearly 900 Intelligence Analystswho work in 241 offices across the United States and 93 foreign offices across the globe. [citation needed] Rosenberg has mentioned that he considers medical marijuana to be a "joke". DEA agents' starting salary is $49,746$55,483. Assistant Special Agent in Charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. They will shoot the qualification courses for all three weapons systems during their initial training but must pass their final qualification attempts only on their Glock pistols to become a Special Agent. ALT. An official website of the United States government. Mr. Tarentino was promoted to Group Supervisor in 2007 and returned to the United States in 2010 and reassigned to the New Jersey Division. It was created in July . Alleged Drug Dealer Facing Murder Charge in Florida Keys Fentanyl Overdose Death Reuter has been with the DEA for more than two decades. Agents are trained to use shoulder-fired weapons, such as the Rock River LAR-15, adopted in 2004, and the LWRC M6A2, the standard carbine of DEA. read image description. "The secret backstory of how Obama let Hezbollah off the hook". Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In Europe heroin is mainly supplied from Western Asia (from Afghanistan and neighboring countries), and less likely to be contaminated with fentanyl. [citation needed], The DEA has taken a particularly strong stance on enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act on persons and organizations acting within state laws that allow medical cannabis cultivation and distribution. SAC Oz has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Criminology and Law Studies with a double minor in Psychology and Sociology from Marquette University. working with local crime and disorder reduction partnerships and drug action teams to disrupt local drugs markets. In his 1996 series of articles and subsequent 1999 book, both titled Dark Alliance, journalist Gary Webb asserts that the DEA helped harbor Nicaraguan drug traffickers. . For general DEA information, please go to Contact Us. In North America, there are now fewer deaths involving heroin than either meth or cocaine, a striking change that has taken place over the last two years as heroin has all but disappeared from some regions. All of these investigations are conducted by Diversion Investigators (DIs). The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health. The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is to ensure the safety and health of American communities by combating criminal drug networks bringing harm, violence, overdoses, and poisonings to the United States. [70] The DEA continues to refuse the removal of cannabis from Schedule I despite wide-scale acceptance of the substance among the medical community, including 76% of doctors, for the treatment of various disease. 11 July, 2018.

ga('create', 'UA-72524292-1', 'auto'); The Department of Justice issued several sealed indictments but declined to seize, prosecute, extradite, or further investigate likely targets of these alleged foreign criminal activities operating in the United States due to White House diplomatic objectives involving the international nuclear agreement with Iran. The Agency has been formed from the amalgamation of the National Crime Squad (NCS), National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS), that part of HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) dealing with drug trafficking and associated criminal finance, and a part of UK Immigration dealing with organised immigration crime (UKIS). His attorney stated an intent to file a claim against the federal government and some members of California's delegation to the Congress called for further investigation of the incident. Nancy Gertner, a former federal judge who had served from 1994 to 2011 and a Harvard Law School professor, stated that "It is one thing to create special rules for national security. Retrieved from https://www.dea.gov/phoenix/phoenix-leadership on 1 May, 2023. Updates? tackling drug-related crime. Prior to his appointment, he worked in the private sector for four years between 2017 and 2021. [5], From the early 1970s, DEA headquarters was located at 1405 I ("Eye") Street NW in downtown Washington, D.C. With the overall growth of the agency in the 1980s (owing to the increased emphasis on federal drug law enforcement efforts) and concurrent growth in the headquarters staff, DEA began to search for a new headquarters location; locations in Arkansas, Mississippi and various abandoned military bases around the United States were considered. Domestic Cannabis Suppression / Eradication Program, Red Ribbon Toolkit - Resources For Your Community, DEA National Prescription Drug Take Back Day, Intelligence Research Specialist Job Announcements, Schedule A Hiring Authority: Intelligence Research Specialist, Privacy Impact Assessment and Management Information Systems, Victim Witness Assistance Program Resources. She has received numerous awards throughout her career from both DEA and other agencies. <> [20], In 2014, the DEA spent $73,000 to eradicate marijuana plants in Utah, though they did not find a single marijuana plant. Visit Site Back to Top Navy Intelligence Mr. Tarentino was promoted to Special Agent in Charge of the Seattle Division in 2020 where he was responsible for offices in four states. 4 0 obj According to Peter R. de Vries, a Dutch journalist present at the 2005 trial of Henk Orlando Rommy, the DEA has admitted to activities on Dutch soil. [47], An April 2012 DEA raid on a California home led to the incarceration of Daniel Chong for several days under conditions of neglect. DEA. Table 20. A locked padlock Prevent, detect, and investigate the diversion of controlled pharmaceuticals and listed chemicals from legitimate sources while ensuring an adequate and uninterrupted supply for legitimate medical, commercial, and scientific needs. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Gridiculous Pro Theme by bavotasan.com. The Bolivian government claimed that it could not protect the agents, and Morales further accused the agency of helping incite the violence, which claimed 30 lives. The DEA is headed by an Administrator of Drug Enforcement appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Her experience as a local police officer in a major metropolitan area proved instrumental in her success as she went from a general enforcement group to the Mobile Enforcement Team (commonly referred to as the MET Team) which focused on the most dangerous, local street gangs. There he planned and executed high risk investigations involving multi-tier criminal networks, high-level transnational criminals, and corrupt foreign officials. She led the charge in streamlining paperwork and quietly changed policy. Basic Agent Trainees (BATs) who fail the initial pistol qualification course of fire are placed in a remedial program to receive additional training. They have claimed that since the DEA is not, by law, an advocacy group, but a legal enforcement group, that those press releases are tantamount to what they consider domestic propaganda. 10 December, 2018. Project Cassandra also identified hemispheric drug syndicates involved in cocaine trafficking in order to finance Hezbollah activities. In remedial training, BATs receive five extra two-hour range sessions, for a total of 10 more hours of live fire training on their issued sidearm, to further aid them in helping pass the pistol qualification. A locked padlock Under federal law, all businesses which manufacture or distribute controlled drugs, all health professionals entitled to dispense, administer or prescribe them, and all pharmacies entitled to fill prescriptions must register with the DEA. Drug Enforcement Agency on DEA website. Corrections? Lock "[69], A 2014 report by the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies and the Drug Policy Alliance accuses the DEA of unfairly blocking the removal of cannabis from Schedule I. Among the dead were 28 foreign nationals from 10 countries. The Drug Enforcement Administration enforces the United States' controlled substance laws and regulations and aims to reduce the supply of and demand for such substances. Vision Administrator Leonhart's vision for the DEA includes the following seven priorities: 1 . According to federal law, the budget of the DEA Diversion Control Program is to be paid by these license fees. 1998 National Drug Control Strategy. The Colt 9mm SMG was previously issued, but no longer in service. While this includes investigating criminals and drug gangs that traffic in illegal drugs, DEA's mission also includes other important activities such as: The report alleges that the methods employed by the DEA to achieve this include: delaying rescheduling petitions for years, overruling DEA administrative law judges, and systematically impeding scientific research. Lead a national drug intelligence program in cooperation with federal, state, local, tribal, and foreign officials to obtain, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information. The investigation identified an Iranian cell in the U.S. which worked in concert with a Lebanese bank called the Lebanese Canadian Bank to launder money using the purchase of used automobiles exported to Africa. . "Drug Enforcement Agency, 10 December, 2018, https://www.dea.gov/new-york/new-york-leadership Accessed 1 May, 2023. Video Documentary: "Hooked Illegal Drugs and How They Got That Way: LSD, Ecstasy and Raves",The History Channel. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [52][53] As of August 2013[update], the Smart on Crime program is not a legislative initiative but an effort "limited to the DOJ's policy parameters. The DEA shares a communications system with the Department of Defense for communication with state and regional enforcement independent of the Department of Justice and police information systems and is coordinated by an information command center called the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) near El Paso, Texas. Phone number. "Drug Enforcement Agency, 11 July, 2018, https://www.dea.gov/phoenix/phoenix-leadership Accessed 1 May, 2023. Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA lock ( "[52][53] Holder said the program "will encourage U.S. attorneys to charge defendants only with crimes "for which the accompanying sentences are better suited to their individual conduct, rather than excessive prison terms more appropriate for violent criminals or drug kingpins"[52][53] Running through Holder's statements, the increasing economic burden of over-incarceration was stressed. However, then-Attorney General Edwin Meese determined that the headquarters had to be located close to the Attorney General's office. The War on Drugs began in June 1971 when U.S. Pres. SOCA is an intelligence-led agency with law enforcement powers and harm reduction responsibilities. In March 2020, SAC Oz reported to lead the Phoenix Field Division. [42], Others, such as former Republican congressman Ron Paul, the Cato Institute,[43] The Libertarian Party[44] and the Drug Policy Alliance[45] criticize the very existence of the DEA and the War on Drugs as both hostile, and contrary, to the concept of civil liberties by arguing that anybody should be free to put any substance they choose into their own bodies for any reason, particularly when legal drugs such as alcohol, tobacco and prescription drugs are also open to addiction, and that any harm caused by a drug user or addict to the general public is a case of conflicting civil rights. "[39] To gather information, agents permitted their informants to buy and sell drugs, engage in Medicaid fraud rings, and other illicit acts. "These people (blocking the road) are people with AIDS and cancer and other grave illnesses. [11] The administrator is assisted by a deputy administrator, the chief of operations, the chief inspector, and three assistant administrators (for the Operations Support, Intelligence, and Human Resources divisions). Join to view profile Drug Enforcement Administration . [40] Despite this, the DEA claims that they are "in compliance" with the rules for using informants to gather information about illicit activities. Mr. Frank A. Tarentino III is the Special Agent in Charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration's New York Division covering the State of New York. SAC Oz went on to supervise Tactical Diversion groups which investigate the people responsible for moving billions of legitimate pharmaceutical pills onto the streets, contributing to Americas opioid crisis. Figure 4 Source: ONDCP. The DEA SRT has been involved in several high-profile operations in recent years, however, DEA involvement is often not publicized due to operational and intelligence considerations. [citation needed] United States federal law registers cannabis as a Schedule I drug. SAC Oz promoted to Section Chief of DEAs Human Resources Division and managed DEAs Special Agent Recruitment and Hiring Program. 10 December, 2018. endobj Applicants who are found, through investigation or personal admission, to have experimented with or used narcotics or dangerous drugs, except those medically prescribed, will not be considered for employment with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Learn How DOJ is Working to Protect Voting, Register, Apply for Permits, or Request Records. endobj She personally called hundreds of agents to get feedback on how to improve the hiring process. continuing activity against individual suppliers, based on intelligence from sources and surveillance. During her tenure as Attorney General, Milgram also oversaw, and significantly transformed, the Camden Police Department, leading it to today being viewed as a model for effective, data-driven policing. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA; /di.ie/) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Justice tasked with combating illicit drug trafficking and distribution within the U.S. The following agencies are responsible for enforcing them. [46] Demand for recreational drugs is somewhat static as the market for most illegal drugs has been saturated, forcing the cartels to expand their market to Europe and other areas than the United States. In addition, the DCE/SP accounted for 6,278 arrests and the seizure in excess of $29.7 million of cultivator assets. In 2005, the DEA seized a reported $1.4 billion in drug trade related assets and $477 million worth of drugs. Atlanta | Caribbean | Chicago | Dallas | Detroit | El Paso | Headquarters | Houston | Los Angeles | Louisville | Miami | New England | New Jersey | New Orleans | New York | Omaha | Philadelphia | Phoenix | Rocky Mountain | San Diego | San Francisco | Seattle| St. Louis | Washington, DC, Domestic Cannabis Suppression / Eradication Program, Red Ribbon Toolkit - Resources For Your Community, DEA National Prescription Drug Take Back Day, Intelligence Research Specialist Job Announcements, Schedule A Hiring Authority: Intelligence Research Specialist, Privacy Impact Assessment and Management Information Systems, Victim Witness Assistance Program Resources. Mike is super . He is a graduate of Villanova University and holds a Juris Doctorate from the Rutgers School of Law. ga('send', 'pageview');

SAC Oz served as a Staff Coordinator in the Office of Operations Management Data and Accountability Section. After receiving a conditional offer of employment, recruits must then complete an 18-week rigorous training which includes lessons in firearms proficiency (including basic marksmanship), weapons safety, tactical shooting, and deadly-force decision training. [67], In 2013, Reuters published a report about the DEA's Special Operations Division (SOD) stating that it conceals where an investigative trail about a suspect truly originates from and creates a parallel set of evidence given to prosecutors, judges, and defense lawyers. In 2007, after the U.S. State Department criticized Venezuela in its annual report on drug trafficking, the Venezuelan Minister of Justice reiterated the accusations: "A large quantity of drug shipments left the country through that organization.

. [48][49][50] According to Chong, the DEA agents questioned him and told him that he could go home, one even offering him a ride home, but instead he was transferred to a holding cell and confined for five days without any food or water, although Chong said he ingested a powdery substance that was left for him, which was later found to be methamphetamine. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. By Laura Strickler, Stephanie Gosk and Rich Schapiro Federal drug agents and prosecutors in Colorado held a news conference in July to tout their work taking fentanyl off the streets amid a. Share national security information, obtained through the execution of drug enforcement operations, with federal partners, including the Intelligence Community. "New York Leadership. Perform community outreach through local partnerships that help communities counter recurring drug and violent crime problems that can resurface after drug enforcement actions. Serve as a model for a variety of international and domestic drug law enforcement training efforts by continuously developing new curricula and modifying the specific courses to adapt to real world applications. An official website of the United States government. Charges were later dropped. This DEA program mainly affects common criminals such as drug dealers. Failure to achieve a passing qualification score is the reason for most Academy dismissals and special agents in the field may have their authority to carry a firearm revoked for failure to qualify. Drug Enforcement Administration 20 years 4 months Chief Inspector Nov 2021 - Present1 year 6 months Washington, District of Columbia, United States Deputy Special Agent in Charge Feb 2021 -. "[76][77], As a result, the Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana, with the City and County of Santa Cruz, had sued the DEA, Attorney General Michael Mukasey, and the ONDCP. In February 1985 Camarena was kidnapped by drug traffickers hired by Mexican politicians in Guadalajara, Mexico. is led by a Special Agent in Charge (SAC). Policing is the joint responsibility of the Home Secretary, Chief Constables and Police and Crime Commissioners. Contact Contact the Drug Enforcement Administration. It was a promotion, a homecoming, and her greatest set of challenges yet to come. Some have likened this approach to license fees unreasonable, "like making pilot licenses support the entire Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) budget." National agencies were to take over control of drug management. However, Morales maintained that the DEA would remain unwelcome in the country, characterising it as an affront to Bolivia's "dignity and sovereignty". "DEA Leadership. [81] On December 22, 2017, the Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered a review of prior cases in the project. Lock Many of the analgesics, depressants and stimulants manufactured for legitimate medical use can often carry the potential for addiction. Such applicants may be considered for employment if there is no evidence of regular, confirmed usage and the full-field background investigation and results of the other steps in the process are otherwise favorable. In 1975, President Gerald Ford established the Domestic Council Drug Abuse Task Force, which reported that attention should be focused on the highly addictive drugs, concluding that marijuana and cocaine were of little or no concern compared to heroin and amphetamines. The concealment of evidence means the defendant is unaware of how his or her investigation began and will be unable to request a review of possible sources of exculpatory evidence. [27] This is contrary to a collection of data done by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, which states that purity of street drugs has increased, while price has decreased. It was established in 1973 as part of the U.S. government's War on Drugs. Jon Gettman's essay Science and the End of Marijuana Prohibition describes the DEA as "a fall guy to deflect responsibility from the key decision-makers" and opines, "HHS calls the shots when it comes to marijuana prohibition, and the cops at DEA and the general over at ONDCP take the heat. The Drug Enforcement Administration was established on July 1, 1973, by Reorganization Plan No. Finally, she went to the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Group where she coordinated high profile domestic and international, complex conspiracy investigations. Drug-related crime falls into three types: crimes of supply, crimes committed as a consequence of dependency or intoxication (drug-related offending) and crimes of possession of illegal substances. Mr. Frank A. Tarentino III is the Special Agent in Charge of the Drug Enforcement Administrations New York Division covering the State of New York. No criminal charges were filed against Chong. %PDF-1.5 Copyright 2023 DrugWise. "[78], More recently, the DEA has escalated its enforcement efforts on the recently proliferated Los Angeles area medical cannabis collectives. In 2019, SAC Oz transferred to the Seattle Field Division as an Assistant Special Agent in Charge where she supervised Seattle Enforcement Groups, Tacoma Enforcement Groups, the Airport Group, the Security Group and Technical Operations. [citation needed], In 2008 the Special Operations part of the agency launched a multi-agency effort named Project Cassandra[80] to investigate Hezbollah for allegations of illicit drug trafficking and terrorist financing. Maximize and deliver cutting-edge investigative technology and provide superior innovative operational support for DEA and other federal agencies. In 2005, Mr. Tarentino was selected to be on DEAs Foreign-deployed Advisory and Support Team (FAST) based out of Quantico, VA. As a special agent and Team Leader on FAST, Mr. Tarentino conducted numerous enforcement operations which cemented DEAs partnership with the Afghan Police and military; seizing 262 metric tons of hashish, 30 metric tons of opium, 1200 kilograms of heroin, three dozen heroin labs, and over 20,000 kilograms of explosive materials. In the past, DEA had other tactical teams like the High-risk Entry Apprehension Teams (HEAT) in some Field Divisions, and Operation Snowcap Teams (predecessor of FAST). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. read image description. Domestic Cannabis Suppression / Eradication Program, Red Ribbon Toolkit - Resources For Your Community, DEA National Prescription Drug Take Back Day, Intelligence Research Specialist Job Announcements, Schedule A Hiring Authority: Intelligence Research Specialist, Privacy Impact Assessment and Management Information Systems, Victim Witness Assistance Program Resources. [60][61][62], The DEA was accused in 2005 by the Venezuelan government of collaborating with drug traffickers, after which President Hugo Chvez decided to end any collaboration with the agency. Omissions? Secure .gov websites use HTTPSA lock ( The most recent court decision rejected the government's motion to dismiss, which allowed discovery to move forward. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It didn't find any", "U.S. Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration - FY 2016 Performance Budget Congressional Submission", "Congress Wants the DEA to Prove Marijuana Eradication Program Is Necessary", "Drug Enforcement Administration Highlights Year's Accomplishments", "What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs 19881998", "U.S. Department of Justice National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)", "Trends in and Characteristics of Drug Overdose Deaths Involving Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyls United States, 20192020", The opioid crisis and the 2020 US election: crossroads for a national epidemic, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32113-9, "24 MDMA, Chorles S. Grob and Russell E Polond", "Documents from the DEA Scheduling Hearing of MDMA, 1984-1988", "DEA's prescriber registration fees will increase Oct. 1", "Crimes by ATF and DEA informants not tracked by feds", "Mission and Vision | Drug Policy Alliance", "Student's ordeal: How was Daniel Chong lost in DEA detention?