According to Karl von Habsburg, President of Blue Shield International, the destruction of cultural assets is also part of psychological warfare. b. Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. In conclusion, Japan is a high context culture characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs. On the one hand, it has opened up opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing people to learn more about different cultures. It is similar to other high context cultures in terms of its group orientation and emphasis on social harmony, but has some unique characteristics such as a more individualistic approach to problem solving and a stronger emphasis on hierarchy. The concept of material culture covers the physical expressions of culture, such as technology, architecture and art, whereas the immaterial aspects of culture such as principles of social organization (including practices of political organization and social institutions), mythology, philosophy, literature (both written and oral), and science comprise the intangible cultural heritage of a society.[5]. Employees in today's workforce must learn to write only e-mails effectively. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified culture with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). The GLOBE Project Overview & Behavior Styles | What is the GLOBE Project? They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. 36. "[39] As such, culture in the sociological field can be defined as the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together shape a people's way of life. c. Cultural universals are found in all human societies. 2) Select an answer and submit. This is in direct contrast to low-context cultures, in which information is communicated primarily through language and rules are explicitly spelled out. In 2016, a new approach to culture was suggested by Rein Raud,[15] who defines culture as the sum of resources available to human beings for making sense of their world and proposes a two-tiered approach, combining the study of texts (all reified meanings in circulation) and cultural practices (all repeatable actions that involve the production, dissemination or transmission of purposes), thus making it possible to re-link anthropological and sociological study of culture with the tradition of textual theory. Culture combines the visible and invisible. War or competition over resources may impact technological development or social dynamics. Finally, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the culture, providing opportunities for cultural exchange but also posing challenges for preserving a high context culture. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. mentioned in the text? Do Metamucil Gummies Work as Well as Powder. These forces are related to both social structures and natural events, and are involved in the perpetuation of cultural ideas and practices within current structures, which themselves are subject to change. Group of answer choices North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. A Comprehensive Analysis, Exploring the Innovative JBX Theater: Revolutionizing the Entertainment Industry. [26], In the 19th century, humanists such as English poet and essayist Matthew Arnold (18221888) used the word "culture" to refer to an ideal of individual human refinement, of "the best that has been thought and said in the world. For example, Japan has a more individualistic approach to problem solving, whereas China and South Korea tend to be more collectivist. For example, the U.S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Finally, the language also includes a variety of nonverbal communication such as facial expressions, hand gestures, and tone of voice. United States Social media always makes individuals of various cultures feel connected. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Psychological barriers to listening include hearing disabilities, poor acoustics, and noisy surroundings. This emerges in the writings of early British cultural-studies scholars and their influences: see the work of (for example) Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall, Paul Willis, and Paul Gilroy. In a Marxist view, the mode and relations of production form the economic base of society, which constantly interacts and influences superstructures, such as culture. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. For example, the language is highly contextual, with meanings often dependent on the context in which it is used. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? (a) Bias is \qquad (c) freedom from the fear of punishment. Vol 1. In the practice of religion, analogous attributes can be identified in a social group. For example, people from collectivistic cultures, such as the Japanese, suppress their positive emotions more than their American counterparts. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. creating an entirely online presence. The first group covers the variables that represent the "efficiency orientation" of the societies: performance orientation. Do you think Homer Plessy was rash or courageous for challenging the law requiring separate rail cars for African Americans and whites? For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. encompassing culture. In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. [1] Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. suggests specific strategies for moving toward a more mindful, competent style (a)To maintain good relations with trading partners, (c) To support its domestic industries that use minerals, (d) To increase global supply and reduce the price, Answer- 1) Which country is high context culture? "[9] Alternatively, in a contemporary variant, "Culture is defined as a social domain that emphasizes the practices, discourses and material expressions, which, over time, express the continuities and discontinuities of social meaning of a life held in common. A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. Watching television to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends to "fit in" certainly qualifies since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. _________ "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?" CHAPTER 36: Assessment of the Hematologic Sys, Communications in Management Chapter 02: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Prac, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. a. High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. tolerance These scholars reject the abstracted postmodern aspects of cultural sociology, and instead, look for a theoretical backing in the more scientific vein of social psychology and cognitive science.[41]. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Empathetic senders consider how the receiver will decode the message and try, As you first begin the composition process, which of the following questions should you ask yourself? Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoption of a different culture by an individual) and transculturation. Do you have knowledge or insights to share? 35. (a) England . There are a number of international agreements and national laws relating to the protection of culture and cultural heritage. is defined as the perception of membership in a group that is part of an His use, and that of many writers after him, "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture, past or present. Keep these four metrics in mind as you study high-context cultures: 1. c. d. In addition, organizations that promote diversity suffer fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action. Men, as well as women, are expected to be tender, modest, with focus on the quality of life; Emphasis on the non-materialistic angles of success; The preferred traits in boyfriends and husbands are the same. So far as tasks in life are concerned, virtue comprises acquiring skills, working hard, education, being wise in spending as well as showing perseverance and patience. Click Registration to join us and share your expertise with our readers.). High-" and "low-" context cultures typically refer to language groups, nationalities, or regional communities. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. Martin Lindstrom asserts that Kulturbrille, which allow a person to make sense of the culture they inhabit, "can blind us to things outsiders pick up immediately."[38]. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Vlkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. a. teaches, 31. Explain. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Preferring indirect verbal interaction, c.Placing emphasis on written information. sold abroad, (c) India requires the domestic purchase of solar products, (d) The U.S. imposes a tariff-rate quota on sugar. Masculine vs. Feminine Cultures: Distinctions & Communication Styles. They are: Power Distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally. Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. d. Japan. Culture (/kltr/) is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Kim, Uichol (2001). of the following countries would be considered individualistic cultures: Which Recruiters often rank communication skills as the highest skill set sought by employers. Create your account. d. b. (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fv. This view paved the way for the modern understanding of religion. Low-Context Culture Communication & Examples | What Is Low-Context Culture? Answer: c. Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. These communicators represent what kind of culture? However, the concept may also apply to corporations, professions and other cultural groups, as well as to settings such as online and offline communication. (a) Justin Bieber [16], Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.[20]. ", "a particular way of life, whether of a people, period or a group. [2] High-context cultures often exhibit less-direct verbal and nonverbal . Read:Discussion Background and answer all, You work for an auto manufacturer designing brake systems, but you do not have a dedicated team. The main focus of an orthodox Marxist approach concentrates on the production of meaning. Answer: a. follow up important messages in writing. In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. It also studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Organizations that have a number of standardized procedures, written rules, and clearly delineated structures; Requirement for predictability highlighting the significance of planning; Promotions depending upon age or seniority. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. [64] Culture is important for psychologists to consider when understanding the human mental operation. Answer: d. Japan Such perspectives are common in the discipline of cultural studies. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 As a first step to gauge leader effectiveness across cultures, GLOBE empirically established nine cultural dimensions that make it possible to capture the similarities and/or differences in norms, values, beliefs and practicesamong societies.