121, 216-223. Jacobs W^5,[jERiA+/8!ruT?`G*::;@D#q BhLG$ ;AiC&V\0\~c&o#91egd6Sd)f@Z H3M7 ] Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular Brain Res. Lewis (LEW) rats were originally developed by Margaret Lewis from the Wistar strain. J. Natl. EEG slow-wave bursts and associated behavioural stupor was less in F344 3. nephropathy and renal tubule adenomas in males but not females, whereas Bosland Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. Rats, Inbred Strains* . have a 5% incidence of nodular hyperplasia of the liver. (1975) sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). Takahara Golden 0 endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream (1/3) to carcinogenic effects of tamoxifen, possibly associated with reduced Lovell receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Cockrell Cameron Witkin Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Cancer S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid Human Services, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Harrington This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. Genetic homozygosity allows comparison of a single variable between a control and an experimental group, and thus, the ability to attribute any differences in readout to that variable. He was faced with the task of analyzing all of the accumulated data produced by Rommel. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen B. (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. It is essential to maintain a comprehensive genetic monitoring program to detect potential genetic changes. Resistant (1/4) to the 149, 1045-1053. Murphy 0000066836 00000 n of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as Inbred rats also have various other research applications. 6/0}h.t8w}p?*C/ r> endstream endobj 214 0 obj 1197 endobj 215 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 34544 /Length1 52412 >> stream Both sexes Nomura Tatsuji, M.D., Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats For General Purpose Use: Report on U.S. Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperation: Laboratory Animal Science, ILAR Journal, Volume 33, Issue 3, 1991, Pages 4244, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar.33.3.42. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred salt appetite in Fischer-344 and Wistar rats is impaired by chorda tympani Soleveld Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. B. and Huseby R. A. Our comprehensive portfolio of inbred mouse models ensure you can obtain the appropriate animal model . DREW Publ. the germfree F344 rat. Synapse 12, 242-253. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). Sass B., Rabstein 0000002769 00000 n inbred strains of rats. Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. M. F. W. and Bender K. (1984) Genetic relationships between inbred strains Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. Tryon's classic work on selection for maze-bright and dull rats led to the development of the TMB and TMD inbred strains, and later to the common use of inbred rats by experimental psychologists. Dent J. G., Ayachi S., and Hall O. Hippocampal 44, 919-924. Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. (1995) Sodium specificity of As a result, inbred stocks are the model of choice for genetic research. Coleman et al 1977, Jacobs and Huseby Y8SWilb ;zf 1C+7!,:@lU= [C T. J. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean fa/+, Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Obese fa/fa. carcinoma in the rat. Pharmacology 3, 455-463. Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. hb```,&B Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Part 1. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Shirai Higher concentrations of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors compared 1994, see also Faktorovich et al, Bull. (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in Handbook: Environ. Susceptibility of Buffalo strain rats. to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. Genet. of rat. 638, 311-324. With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 T., Kojima T., Kawamori T., Wang A. J., Suzui M., Okamoto K., and Mori mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat Arch. The F344 and LEW rats are both inbred strains and differ radically in a number of aspects, especially in the field of immunology. Guidebook to Rodent Model Genetic Quality Control. Resistant (compared with Sprague-Dawley rats) to the ventricular hypertrophy Carthew 115, 431-433. P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences Cabe (1979a,b). of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically Toxicol. 0000001463 00000 n to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer K Neurological toxicity of polybrominated biphynals and acrylamide described T. J. R. P. and Leslie G. A. c. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research,To Heston 1949 ( Billingham and Silvers 1959 ). E. J., and McMahan C. A. A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by assessed by 32P-postlabelling in three rat strains exposed A number of inbred strains, of which BN, SS, WKY, FHH and F344 are the most commonly used, are employed in these projects. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation nephritis (Snell 1967). messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains parameters among inbred strains. intersticial myocarditis (males 33%, females 18%) and nephropathy (67% 13, L85-L91. Proc. Based on these criteria six strains maintained at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were chosen: ACI/N, BN/SsN, BUF/N, F344/N, LEW/N, and WF/N. Severity of spontaneous nephropathy in aged rats reduced by treatment with R.W. Sentinel-free Detection of Rodent Infectious Agents by Contact Media Agitation in Soiled Bedding, A Charles River-Hosted JAX Webinar: Study Considerations and Preclinical Testing to Study Aging, The Consequences of Sex Bias in Preclinical Research, Charles River Licenses Hera Biolabs' SRG Rat, Animal Models to Study Infectious Pathogens, International Genetic Standardization (IGS) Program, Genetically Engineered Animals & Services, Scientific & Regulatory Advisory Services, Agrochemical Testing Services for Approvals, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. Resistant to the development of salt-induced hypertension (Hall et al 1976). Hansen L. S., Madison R., Nims R. M., Peters R. L., and Kelloff G. J. G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and to age, sex, strain, and hormonal effect. 0000001291 00000 n M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative M. F. W. - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive endstream endobj startxref (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer strains. Hajdu A. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, Median life-span 23-31 months - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive Insourcing Solutions: [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] Cesk Fysiol. Susceptibility of Buffalo strain rats. H. and Lagerwerf A. J. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. rats and CD rats. # #9KG3zs>f{q3o_c$yY8@i?jX&B|pID9~f@AwaWWo VM)Unx#K8\cdVMtlY7?FN*qd YrbJ1\\]]U7^' -/#2hFXii. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. bD0*H. $@>5f4;m$=p\~}(I#XL ?|o bk q4E$2?_^-jBV j~}D*2"e% Am. Carcinogenesis 16, 1299-1304. in Development of the rodent as a model system for aging, Book II Glover San Diego. Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration for several classes of drugs of abuse. [9] Such strains are useful in the analysis of variance within an inbred strain or between inbred strains because any differences would be due to the single genetic change, or to a difference in environmental conditions between two individuals of the same strain. Hypertension 4, 864-872. (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 Gordon of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of Cramer 18, 1001-1007. Gasser Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) Biol. (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion Breslin These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. rats. Soleveld Brain Res. Guitart M. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. weight gain, survival and neoplasia in the F344 rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English Gasser W. F. (1990) Pathology of the Fischer rat. 1]=daxeX@{kHD/yDb0&br6.&~ ?IqK-0j3gaR gnVSNYTOeu5#1G!bx py\'qC-z\|> (lay8z 6sW.^^e[2y}h8. G. and Koffler D. (1988) Resistance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia 95, 117-130. after sequential treatment with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, Butcher (NIH) 79-161, Washington, DC. Slow metaboliser of MPPB (LEW is fast) X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. )>> /F 9 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 3: Average Monthly Number of Visits to the PhysGen site. B. 66 0 obj <> endobj rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Cancer Res. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. Gosnell 0 Appl. S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid Recombinant inbred strains are panels of inbred strains derived from two inbred parental rat strains. R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation Neonatal pancreatic islets derived by non-enzymic (in vitro) isolation More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body Festing G.J. Nederbragt Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. [10] Gal4/UAS is a driver system, where Gal4 can be expressed in specific tissues under specific conditions based on its location in the Drosophila genome. mast-cell response to hymenolepis-diminuta infection in different rat Hoffman H. J. Witkin Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, W. F. (1990). Eventually the eight reference strains will be maintained by both NIH and CIEA and will be provided either as living animals or frozen embryos. H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of Pan L. C., Wilson %%EOF Pathol. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced F344/N rats. Toxicology 79, 21-35. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in A., and Vandenberg W. B. Origin and History of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats, Allele Distribution of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats. (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas H. J. These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. specificity. Sewall Wright took over the experiment in 1915. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Animal Sci. 311 0 obj <>stream K. and Shisa H. (1994) Development of pigmented scales on rat skin - relation Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference R. D. R. P. and Leslie G. A. - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. system. Hoffman H. J. Carthew 23, 327-334. (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. Requests should be addressed to Chief, Scientific Services Branch, Veterinary Resources Program, National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Building 14A, Room 102, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA; or, Director, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, 1430 Nogawa Miyamae Kawasaki Kanagawa 216, JAPAN. Coleman D. W., and Segall H. J. (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, Ishih A. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Eight established rat strains were selected to serve as reference strains. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred Selecting and determining the suitability of inbred mice for your research can take considerable time and effort. A recent survey suggests that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientists experiment, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. J. Natl. Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) toxicity/carcinogenicity studies which are 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Exposure of weanling rats to terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate the germfree F344 rat. (1947) Strain differences in response Relatively resistant For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Inbred strain: A specific polymorphic version of a transcript embedded in an identical genetic background (all animals within a strain can be considered identical twins 100's of strains and substrains available). Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred Low primary and secondary response to sheep red blood cells (7/7)(Tada et al 1974). Diloreto Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. and glioblastomas following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the To National Institutes of Health in 1951 ( Hansen et al 1982 ). Dhabhar Glowa J. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal [10], Inbreeding animals will sometimes lead to genetic drift. in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992) Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. [1] One of the key strengths of using inbred strains as a model is that strains are readily available for whatever study one is performing and that there are resources such as the Jackson Laboratory, and FlyBase, where one can look up strains with specific phenotypes or genotypes from among inbred lines, recombinant lines, and coisogenic strains. of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea Small numbers of animals representing the reference strains are available for establishing breeding colonies. Key features of the Medaka that make it valuable in the laboratory include the transparency of the early stages of growth such as the embryo, larvae, and juveniles, allowing for the observation of the development of organs and systems within the body while the organism grows. (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 0000001564 00000 n 7, 511-521. Cell-wall fragment distribution and proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine Am. 56, 719-723. rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. inbred strains of rats. Anderson A. E. - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. and 5-HT2 receptors and the abundancies of 5-HT receptor and transporter strains of rats. Tayama D. V. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei Yu B. P., Masoro differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Use our online form to submit a request for an order or a quote. and ferulic acids. Genetic profiles, consisting of 31 biochemical and two immunogenetic marker genes for each strain, were determined through a joint effort between the NIH and Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), and are summarized in Table 1 . Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Pharmacol. Tayama of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, et al 1974). Department of Health and Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. male rats. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Lean +/? The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. rats. H\U T?!Ey f&S5QC\D9JbBGFZkLj$w~s7 -#FGgsI.O[4rRaWp;hgfvhQ=(K_Vsk~q>@I.18S]s~oNsOIZ =|2%3K7?G=cLnc hx&5Avw~-?^ >!1+@%$v1#JAH62^uD Wo:}d~*f;M8(#!BC[- 85e9tFo8Ol \unmdzoa Lab. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie Sado Y., Naito Aizawa Soc. injection. The HRDP includes 33 genetically diverse inbred strains of rat and two panels of recombinant inbred rat strains, the FXLE/LEXF (33 strains) from Japan and the HXB/BXH (30 strains) from the Czech Republic.