With our four-day Wednesday-through-Saturday home delivery package, you get home delivery of our popular Food and 72 Hours sections as well as the full Saturday-Sunday weekend paper. In 1771, Fairfax awarded the land to John Pearsall, eldest son of Job. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. In 1755, Fort Ashby was built on this same site as a protection from the Indians. Linville Creek, named after an early settler William Linville, is located in what was called the "Northern Neck" of old Virginia, in current southwestern Rockingham County. Beverley Manor This is probably how John Thomas Schley heard of a new opportunity. Many changes in the lives of the Native Americans took place during these eras. To continue reading your local news, please register for free. The trees attractive gray bark lends structure to the winter garden. tract, on Mill Creek, South side of Cohongoroota River, now in the Counties of Berkley and Jefferson, 189 acres on the north side of the Sherando River, 210 acres on southwest side of Opequon Creek, 1,000 acres adjoining Benj. Michael Hover and Barbara to, Page 289.--3d March, 1756. On 8 June 1775 he also described a common scene in Stephensburg that gives us an insight into the important role that transportation has always played in the life of the town. Hit the town with the latest news and events from The Frederick News-Post. The county seat is Winchester. #1 George Parker's house was located on the east side of Patterson's creek, near a small and unnamed stream. He was a patriot in the Revolutionary War - being a Captain in the Shenandoah County Militia. This was a choice lot because it bordere the Potomac River, but was known for having absentee landlords. English land speculators and colonial officials wanted to take further control of the area to make it profitable for themselves and the British crown. Some examples will be given in relation to the Cartmells. It was located on East Patrick Street at the corner of Middle Alley. The Historical Society of Frederick County, 2023 Heritage Frederick The Historical Society of Frederick County. In the lush Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in Augusta (later Rockingham) County, it quickly became a civilized outpost. Sabetha, Kansas: Ethel W. Albin, 1989. This Native American artifact was found in Frederick County at one of the digs which have been successful in finding many stone, pottery and other specimens left behind by the tribes who lived here or traveled through in search of food or spots on which they lived or camped. Cecil Odell also clarifies this in his book Pioneers of Old Frederick County, Virginia. Your current subscription does not provide access to this content. Log in.). Lot #1 adjoined the Patterson Creek Manor. Don't lie. Further research in the Fairfax grants should help identify the first owner. 216: The Cemeteries of Winchester . Our short-term pass is the digital equivalent of buying a couple of papers at the corner store. Patterson's Creek" is a misunderstood geographical area. NOTE: If you have any questions about which towns are actually IN the Shenandoah Valley, go to the map link below that shows the topography of the mountain ranges. Samuel married Rachael Leiper. Same parties as above (, Page 373.--8th August, 1767. Green of the one part and Cornelius Obryan, John Obryan and Cornelius Obryan Junr. TURN OFF CAPS LOCK. The first Asians came to America via the Bering Strait about 14,000 B.C. Cartmell proceeds to identify his great-great-grandfather as a third Nathaniel Cartmell saying he died about 1765. Two explorers who were in the area were Franz Louis Michel in 1702 and Christoph Von Graffenried in 1712. MAP REFERENCE: http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&hs=ysH&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=Orange+Co+VA&fb=1&gl=us&hq=Orange+Co&hnear=VA&ei=YjjrSs_9LMnYlAf0p-X_BA&sa=X&oi=local_group&ct=image&resnum=4&ved=0CC0QtgMwAw, Website design by Auriga Productions But only the settlements between the two mountain ranges, Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains, is considered within the Shenandoah Valley. His son Christian Long sold the farm to John Reno in 1761. It is unclear how long Lewis Stephens operated this ordinary in the new community associated with the Stephens family land claims. Local archeologist the late Spencer Geasey and his wife Nancy Geasey show a display of locally found Native American spearpoints and arrowheads which they found in Shelter Rock shelter. With the outbreak of hostilities on the frontier that would eventually become known as the French and Indian War, Lewis Stephens served as an officer in the Frederick County militia reporting to the young George Washington. The Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture supports scholars and scholarship focused on the expansive field of early American history. In 1704 smallpox broke out, and the Native Americans left by 1810. It is, in its Situation, very delightful; from it there is a good View of both the North & South Mountain, the first fifteen, and the other thirty Miles Distance. Just before the war in 1754 Peter Stephens gave his son Lewis 424 acres of his original 674-acre grant. Abt 1780 Frederick County, Virginia: Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties. The library is open by appointment only. The major road between Winchester and Patterson's Creek came directly to Parker's farm. the wilderness of Frederick county of the year 1730 into a blooming garden, so that in 1790 Frederick county was the . Linville Creek was one of the most interesting and important centers of Colonial Virgina. Same parties as above (Jost Hite, Page 115.--31st Decemebr, 1760. From that time on, Stephensburg would have to grow on its own merits. English settlers in Virginia took advantage of his offer as did Germans from the Pennsylvania colony. al., which was not resolved until "The Company" brought suit against Fairfax in 1750, which was apparently resolved in favor of Hite, Green, McKay, Duff and their descendants. An early trader was Martin Chartier, a Frenchman who lived where the Potomac River and Monocacy meet. About 1729 Jacob Stover and Adam Miller received a 5000 acre grant. Jerry Sears, current owner, built a house on the original site. In Europe there was war and the Protestants breaking away from the Roman church and the pope. He left an old map which shows not only the Potomac River, but also the Monocacy River and the western mountains. Page 238.--10th February, 1746-7. Juneberries Serves as Food Source for Wildlife, Humans. Initially there were two counties in the early part of the 18th century, Frederick and Augusta counties, both created in 1738 from Orange County. After the war Lewis began to establish an ironworks on his tract at Cedar Creek. Teste: John Dunbar, Rlen May, Jacob ( ) Trumbo, John Thomas, Conrad Humble. Abraham Johnson bought Rutand's land and built a mill on it, known today as Reese's Mill. Two early surveys are of special interest to Frederick residents those of Benjamin Tasker and Daniel Dulany, both in 1745. Frederick County, Virginia, Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants. Get the latest headlines on local sports delivered every Saturday morning. Early marriages of Hagerstown, Washington County -- v. 2. Rudolph ( ) Eurabough and Mary ( ) to William Stolp, 45, 195 acres, part of 231 acres patented to said Rudolph. The oldest of them, Ludwig, or Lewis, had been born in Germany in 1714 and was already a young man by the time his father moved the family to Virginia. One group of Stephensburgs patriots was recruited in August of 1776 by Henry Bedinger (1752-1843) of Shepherdstown and joined other rifle troops from Martinsburg in Berkeley County to the North. Roberta Tuller 2020 Since you viewed this item previously you can read it again. An important river throughout the history of the United States, it was the site of early settlement in the Virginia Colony and the Carolina Colony. Tribes of Native Americans from nearby areas were in the area for hunting. Engage ideas. #2 John Adam Long was living on this 293-acre farm when Genn made the survey. The counties of today are listed below showing the parent counties. [1] Approximately 150 mi (241 km) long, it drains the central and lower Shenandoah Valley westward of the Blue Ridge, and Page Valley within the Appalachians proper in northwestern Virginia and the . Looking to hire in Frederick? However, renting the land was not successful. Hite settled on the north bank near the headwaters of the Opequon creek in what would later be known as the community of Bartonsville. No vulgar, racist, sexist or 1753-1822) of Shepherdstown. He was the son of John Russell Crafton who had left in his will,written in 1839, the freedom of his slaves. #18 A widow, Catherine Bennett, lived on this lot when the survey was made in 1748. When you read early deeds in the Hampshire County courthouse that shows an ancestor owning land on Patterson's Creek, you need to find out where the land was located along that 45-mile continuum, in which of the three segments mentioned above. *Subscriptions renew automatically every 30 days for $19.99. Cartmell did something rather different. Peter Stephens and his wife Mary had seven children. Thus, Lord Fairfax claimed all of the lands in the Northern Shenandoah Valley, including the lands already granted to Jost Hite, Peter Stephens and others by the governor of Virginia. Possibly her husband had been killed by Indians. This is not the place to sell miracle Lord Fairfax came to Virginia in 1735 to see for himself the lands he had inherited through his mother, Catherine Culpeper, Lady Fairfax. It was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. On its north end, it enters the north fork of the Shenandoah River at Broadway. Many settlers, arriving from Europe, landed in Philadelphia, traveled to Lancaster and then to northern Frederick County, as well as Virginia. There on Manhattan Island during the Battle of Fort Washington on 16 November 1776, a British and Hessian force that outnumbered them by more than 5,000 captured the 2,818 Americans defending Fort Washington. cures. Uploaded by While Jost Hite fought Lord Fairfaxs claims in court, Peter and Lewis Stephens chose to work with the Baron and remained friendly toward him. It was separated and formed a separate county in 1748. Fairfax issued the grant on June 3, 1749 for 328 acres. 1926 Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture English settlers were moving west toward todays Ohio. Rappahannock River in Virginia, in 1717 twenty German fam- . For settlers in the colder climates of North America, the blooming of the serviceberry was a sign that the ground was thawing. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Valleys are usually defined in terms of the water basin. Purchasers from Stover were Christian Clemon, George Boone, Henry Sowter, Mathias Selzer, John Brubaker, Ludwick Stone and Abraham Strickler. to 1450 A.D.) and Devilbiss Bridge Road. Opequon Creekis tributary of thePotomac River. Cartmell makes no mention of his great-grandmother until a brief reference to her in a paragraph on Nathaniel and Sarahs youngest son Martin. Abt 1780 Frederick County, Virginia: Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties. Lawrence Snapp and his wife, Margaret Stephens, were very early settlers of Shenandoah Co., VA. This choice lot was created for a close friend of Lord Fairfax, Capt. He died 7 January 1777 of starvation and disease incurred through the intentional neglect in his British captors. An email has been sent to with a link to confirm list signup. In 1745 Lewis Stephens purchased 195 acres on Cedar Creek, about seven miles to the west of his fathers home, where he built a house for himself and a water powered mill. Lord Baltimore advertised land he was selling in Maryland. Peter Stephens established his claim on the North Branch of Crooked Run, a stream that would later be named Stephens Run in his honor. Delivered on Thursdays. In 1842, a rather suspicious 2nd will was written. The first European settlers started arriving about 1730. He liked what he saw, and after living east of the Blue Ridge for a number of years he eventually chose to settle and build his manor home Greenway Court just west of the Shenandoah River near what would become the community of White Post, eight miles east of Stephensburg, in modern Clarke County. Digital memberships qualify for special member benefits, like our popular ticket giveaways. PO Box 143 (USPS Mail) It is also interesting to note that the h at the end of the name of the town was promply dropped by its predominately German-speaking inhabitants. Thank you for reading! Maintained by: Promotional Rates were found for your code. John Greenfield, granted by Fairfax on Oct. 7, 1748. Parker died in 1757 and his oldest son Benjamin (1722-1804) inherited his estate of 399 acres. In 1769, he gave his land to Job Pearsall, who died in 1770. By joining you get unlimited access to it all.Join now. In 1773 Robinson sold part of the lot to William Campbell who held it for 13 years before selling to Balson Shelhorn. In 1699 the Piscataway Indians moved to Heaters Island in the Potomac River near Point of Rocks. #20 No house was on this lot when the survey was made. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia, from Winchester to Roanoke, Virginia, is bordered by the Blue Ridge mountains to the East and the Allegheny mountains to the West. Francis Green and Margaret ( ) to, Page 26.--17th May, 1768. In 1782, Samuel Duval created this plat, showing the early layout of the town. It was first established with the following grant of 7,009 acres by Jost Hite (the leader of the group), Robert Green, Robert McKay and William Duff, four early land speculators that had obtained orders of the Council for large tracts of land, on the condition that they settle a certain number of persons within a given time period (this deadline was extended several times, but a final order of the Council was entered on June 12th, 1734, giving "The Company" (Hite, Green, McKay and Duff) until December 25th, 1735 to "comply with terms of all former orders". Thank you for reading! an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. On your next view you will be asked to log in to your registered account or create an account to receive 6 more articles over the next 30 days.join now for unlimited access. On your next view you will be asked to log in or create an account to continue reading. Boyce, VA Representatives from the State Arboretum of Virginia at Blandy Experimental Farm have named the Allegheny serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis) as the 2023 Tree of the Year. The OI has produced a deep bench of award-winning scholarly monographs on a variety of topics; published the leading journal in the field, the William and Mary Quarterly; and sponsored events including conferences designed to bring together scholars for robust exchange at various levels of career achievement for robust exchange. Be civil. Birds, squirrels, and other wildlife also enjoy the fruit. A favorite spot for acquiring rhyolite was at Crow Rock, near Myersville. Robinson's original log cabin survived until 1979, when it was dismantled and sold. No encontramos ningn comentario en los lugares habituales. Stay informed of daily news & events in your community for as little as $3.25 a week. During the 1840s, David Gibson bought lots 20-22 and built a mansion house on #22. Its articles, sources and interpretations, and reviews of books range from British North America and the United States to Europe, West Africa, the Caribbean, and the Spanish American borderlands. Open to all. The Shenandoah River is one of three major tributary systems of the Potomac River that lies within the boundaries of Old Augusta. We hope that you continue to enjoy our free content. Apparently, Lord Fairfax was in favor of permanently moving the county government to Stephensburg. They slowly moved north by 1722 to New York state and joined other tribes. He described the town as A small VillageWell situated4 Taverns kept in this TownOne large Store kept by Mr. Holms where I am to lodge. On 29 May 1775 Fithian described the towns setting in his journal. List of Settlers #1 - Thomas Douthitt (or Southitt), 162 1/2 acres #2 - George Corn, 299 acres #3 - Solomon Hedges, 625 acres #4 - Benjamin Rutherford, 529 acres #5 - Reserved for Lord Fairfax, 561 acres #6 - Edward Corn and Philip Langly, 421 acres #7 - Timothy Corn, 333 acres Most are made of local stone named rhyolite. Some lived in the area and their settlements have been located. Taylor Family. John Hite, of Frederick County, eldest son, &c., of. In 1614, King George II purchased land from the Indians in todays Frederick County. If you want to eat the berries, though, youd better be fast. Meanwhile, English and Scots-Irish began migrating to the area, arriving from established towns and counties of the Maryland colony. Data One such developer, Daniel Dulany, an Irish lawyer and entrepreneur, had a land patent of 7,000 acres known as Taskers Chance. Dulany knew he could not successfully settle his new community on Marylands rough and untamed western frontier with English immigrants only. Most Cartmell genealogy disseminates out of what Thomas Kemp Cartmell wrote about the family in his book, widely available and over 500 pages. Delivered: Adam Eurabough, June, 1780. It was created in Orange County in 1738; part of Augusta County was added later. A dispute between William Fairfax and the King of England arose over the issuance of the patents to Hite, et. The case began in 1848 and not in 1851. Get an email notification whenever someone contributes to the discussion. When Judge Douglas died, Parker was elected judge to the 13th circuit court district that included Clarke and Jefferson, Shenandoah valley pioneers and their descendants : a history of Frederick County, Virginia (illustrated) from its formation in 1738 to 1908, [Winchester, Va.] : [Printed by the Eddy Press Corp.], Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy, http://books.google.com/books?id=sdFczYzblKQC&oe=UTF-8, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). 14th July, 1769, corner Adam Eurabough. York was one of the earliest surnames in Old Frederick, or Old Orange County. The Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia borders Maryland and Virginia. Aug 2009 ~ All Rights Reserved, Jefferson VA/WV (Charles Town & Harpers Ferry). Local tradition maintains that as part of this war effort Lewis built a hexagonal stone powder magazine that reaches deep into the ground near his house and mill on Cedar Creek. Samuel owned land in "New Castle County and Kent upon Delaware" and in the town of Salisbury. #5 Abraham Johnson came to Patterson's Creek from New Jersey. They were marched to New York under the command of Captain Abraham Shepherd (ca. Abraham 1700 Thank you for reading! And, as with all of our packages, you get full access to all of our online content, any day and on any device. Berkeley County was about 75 percent Confederate during the Civil War. There was an error processing your request. Help us. Robert Stephens and his family, along with other German immigrants, came to the Valley of Virginia after spending some years in the Skippack Creek area outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lot #1 (400 acres), acquired by James Robinson: Lots #2 and #3, acquired by Robert Green: Lot #4 (500 acres), acquired by John, James and Moses Green: Lot #5 (500 acres), acquired by John, James and Moses Green: Lot #6 (500 acres), acquired by Jost Hite: Lot #8 (545 acres), acquired by Jost Hite: Lots #9 and #10, acquired by Robert McKay: From Chalkley's (listed in alphabetical order, based upon grantee/acquiree): Link to return back to Article: Early Settlers of Augusta County, Virginia, Early Settlers of Augusta County, Virginia, https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Early_Settlers_on_Linville%27s_Creek%2C_Augusta_County%2C_VA, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Page 251.--7th August, 1746. These tribes often fought each other. . 219: George's Road is located on this lot. Get your news on the go with focused newsletters. They left because of illness and a promise of better living conditions in Pennsylvania. **AUGUSTA CO, VA, prior to 1776 stretched westward to the Mississippi River and up to the Great Lakes. (Already a member? Search engine of Maryland's families of early settlers; Hester Dorsey Richardson. Maryland was founded March 25, 1634, when the Ark and the Dove ships landed at St. Clements Island, and founded St. Marys City on the mainland. Conrad suffered the same fate as the other men of his unit who were from Stephensburg. Thus, Stephensburgh became Stephensburg.. His lot was the best one in this settlement, based on running streams and fertile land as well as a great site for protection from Indians. The later counties are break-out counties from these two original ones. Teste: Jonath Gibson. Through research and public programming, we want to share with everyone of all ages how important trees are to the environment.. For almost 100 years the population grew on the Eastern Shore and near the Chesapeake Bay on the west. Say it once. If your household falls in a postal delivery area, you will be notified by our customer service team. A leading journal in early American history and culture, the William and Mary Quarterly publishes refereed scholarship in history and related disciplines from initial Old WorldNew World contacts to the early nineteenth century. This page was last modified 06:04, 26 August 2020. Page 243.--3d October, 1746. Register Because of smaller animals, they made smaller tools. Samuel 1631 Log in or read 2 more articles before registering, and 8 before becoming a member. Since 2019, the State Arboretum of Virginia has designated one extraordinary species of tree as its Tree of the Year. First Settlers of Frederick Town Courtesy Collection of the Maryland State Archives Daniel Dulany the Elder (d. 1753) Justus Engelhardt Khn (d. 1717) Oil on canvas, 19th century MSA SC 4680-10-0057 Locally, the earliest known European settlement was about 20 miles north of Frederick. Spotsylvania County was formed in 1720 Orange in 1734 Frederick was established by law in 1738 but was not organized until 1743 Berkeley County was founded in 1772 Jefferson in 1801 309 acres. It became a state during the Civil War and was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863. Don't degrade others. early deeds or by knowledge otherwise acquired, can refer me to the exact location of the Scarborough settlement of 1737, I shall be very much pleased indeed. The French in Canada wanted to colonize the area south including todays Pittsburgh where they had built Fort Duquesne. These properties are where the city of Frederick is today. Mountains we know today formed Sugarloaf, Parrs Ridge, the Catoctin Range. Rectangular lot of 312 acres. Hamblin wanted to give land to his sons but they had migrated far into the wilderness and could not be located. Blandy Experimental Farm At that time Lewis Stephens moved back to the family lands that he held in reserve in Stephensburg and focused his attention on the development of the new town. The house was located very close to the bank of the Creek. Those counties in the early 18th century are the early settlements of the First Settlers. to 1400 A.D.),The Rosenstock farm east of Frederick city and near the airport (1300 B.C. Travel by water was the main way of getting around, although there were many Native American trails, some of which formed the basis for our roads today. $19.99 The third segment of Patterson's Creek was the upper section to the head spring in Grant County. We are all through out Maryland.. We're Indians we never were enslaved at all and yes we are what the Government dub us as Black but we are not African Americans we are Native Americans indigenous to these lands. Page 21.--16th May, 1768. Subscriptions renew automatically every 30 days. Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, Virginia (illustrated) from Its Formation in 1738 to 1908. It joins the Potomac northeast ofMartinsburg and its source isat the foot ofGreat North Mountain. 614. The B&O Railroad was built across this lot. These first homesteads were found in the area around the Indian Road or the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road (U.S. Route 11), in the core of what is today the central and southern part of Frederick County, Virginia. was living on this 238-acre lot when the survey was made. Sarah died in 1815 leaving her own will. Frederick County early settlers, land grants, land puchasers, some of these were local officials. Phillip Jacob Grundler and his family moved to America from Germany in 1754 using trunks like this one to pack their belongings. Don't threaten. Frederick County births and deaths. Share unlimited digital access with 4 family members join now. There were more people in the area, who lived in rock shelters and used soapstone bowls for cooking. John 1715 By the time of the Civil War, this nickname of Newtown had become almost exclusively the only name for which the town was known. It is probably at this same time that the benefits of the good relationship between Lewis Stephens and Lord Fairfax were manifested in politics of Frederick County. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Among them was Thomas Schley, their school teacher, The plat shows 200 acres with no dwelling house when the survey was made. Also, you can share digital access with up to four other household members at no additional cost. Local news and analysis and much more. Keller died or was killed by Indians and Fairfax issued a grant to Charles' son John Keller on June 1, 1779. For members. Borden's Grant Delivered Nicholas Mose, December, 1768. If your household falls in a postal delivery area, you will be notified by our customer service team. E-mail: info@newtownhistorycenter.org, Dendrochronology Study of the Log Addition, Reconstruction, the Railroad and a Name Change, 1866-1899, Two Peoples, One Community: The African American Experience in Newtown (Stephens City), Virginia, 1850-1870, History of Orrick Chapel Methodist Church, Early Days and Methodism in Stephens City, Virginia, The Great Wagon Road and Westward Expansion, Objects as Primary Sources: Historical Detective Work, The Worst First: Novel Plagues Hit America (1492-1758), Running to the Hill: Smallpox and Sanitation in Colonial Times (1758-1760), Another Scourge Among Many: Epidemics in the Civil War (1861-1865), The Spanish Flu: The Story of Gervis Lemley (1918-1919), It Didnt Fade: Mildred Lee Grove and Tuberculosis (1930s-Late Twentieth Century). The 1700s were a time of great change and development. The French and Indian War lasted from 1754-1756. for 30 days, $14.99 The Arboretums 2023 Tree of the Year was selected after deliberation by Curator Tai Roulston and Blandy arborists. *Subscriptions renew automatically every 30 days at $14.99. . The community of Headsville, Mineral County, WV is located on or very near Parker's former land. This membership plan includes member-only benefits like our popular ticket giveaways, all of our email newsletters and access to the daily digital replica of the printed paper. Same (Jacob Chrisman and Magdalina ( ), of Frederick County) to, Page 499.--20th August, 1772. The old fort has been restored on its original site. South side of Cohongoroota River, 882 acres on the west side of the Sherando River, b. Europe then Chester County, Pennsylvania, 120 acres on the North fork of the Sherando River, adjoining Thomas Chester, Evesham Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, near Harper's Ferry, South side of Cohongoroota River, now in the Counties of Berkley and Jefferson, 568 acres, part of Hite's grant and also 100 acres adjoining, 860 acres on the west side of Buffalo Meadow known for years as Buffalo Marsh, just west of Winchester in the Shenandoah near the area known as Round Hill-Opequon Creek, 395 acres adjoining the Borden, Griffith and Hampton, etc. The late archeologist Spencer Geasey found many artifacts and projectile points under a rock overhang near Myersville. In September 1758, during the height of the Seven Years War, Lewis Stephens petitioned the colonial government of Virginia in Williamsburg for a town charter. They had a small settlement in Iceland and Greenland founded by Leif Erikson and traveled south as far as Massachusetts.