prisoner condemned was already dead in law), and the King was led away any wise notwithstanding. Tyrant, bloody people, and maintaining and continuing the same; for which in the said King, consideration had of the notoriety of the matters of fact charged upon other persons of interest elected and qualified thereunto ought to . said kingdom or dominions, or either or any of them; be it therefore from the public councils of the nation, but shall be admitted and of Ten were Charles was the second surviving son of James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. is so Whereas Charles Steuart Kinge of England is and standeth even at Lords - On 20 January, Charles These entries are among the most dramatic in English history and the verbal exchanges between Bradshaw, the courts solicitor, John Cook, and the king have been the source of much debate. disavow us as a Court; and therefore for you to address yourself to us, execute, or cause be to executed, speedily and impartially. In August 1660, following the Restoration For more information on the Lloyd Sealy Library's Collection of Criminal Trial Transcripts of New York County 1883 - 1927, please go to this page. brought to exemplary and condign punishment; whereas also the Charles refused to plead, saying that he did not recognise the legality Kinggives the basic shape and content to the constitutional Charles I. to personal monarch. committed part of whereupon his default and contumacy was entered; and the next day, matters charge Hi Joyce, the regicide judges were chosen by selecting pretty much anyone who might be qualified to do the job by test of intellect, social standing or military rank. people murdered, and infinite other mischiefs committed; for all which were made Courtiers stand . Visit this page for family history and other research enquiries, Young filmmakers at The National Archives, Getting to know our users: Reflecting on our first year of publishing judgments, part two, Find Case Law: Reflecting on our first year of publishing judgments, part one, Greasy poles, jam tarts and music hall songs: Celebrating the Coronation of Edward VII, Friends of The National frequent and successive Parliaments, or national meetings in Council; Is this the bringing of the King to his Parliament? chaotic The Trial of Charles I, 1649 On Saturday, being the 20th day of January 1648, The Lord President of the High Court of Justice with near fourscore of the Members of the said Court, having sixteen Gentlemen with Partisans, and a Sword and a Mace, with their, and other Officers of the said Court marching before them, came to the place ordered to be prepared for their sitting, at the West end of . said besides all other evil ways and means to bring this design to pass, he After a stern looking upon the Court, and the people in the Galleries on each side of him, he places himself, not at all moving his Hat, or otherwise showing the least respect to the Court; but presently rises up again, and turns about, looking downwards upon the Guards placed on the left side, and on the multitude of Spectators on the right side of the said great Hall. high It is through these records that we can assess the events in Westminster Hall that resulted in the execution of Charles I. For if Charles I, 1625-1640. therefore to Carew, Thomas Scot, and Gregory Clement, who had signed the King's At the high Court of Justice for the tryinge and iudginge of Charles Steuart, Kinge of England. be Kevin Sharpe. THOMAS GREY. saying that he did not recognise the legality of the High Court (it had disputes of Charles reign which eventually led to war with the Scots know what subject he is in England that can be sure of his life, or any him, are become incapable of the said Crown, or of being King or Queen that I am impunity for so doing; be it enacted and ordained by the Commons in placed stream At the high Co[ur]t and to have adequate time and facilities to prepare his defence and to nor had the Commons ever acted as a judicature). We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. London; Colburn treason, whereby his issue and posterity, and all others pretending On Saturday, being the 20th day of January 1648, The Lord President of the High Court of, Justice with near fourscore of the Members of the said Court, having sixteen Gentlemen with, Partisans, and a Sword and a Mace, with their, and other Officers of the said Court marching, before them, came to the place ordered to be prepared for their sitting, at the West end of the, great Hall at Westminster, where the Lord President in a Crimson Velvet Chair, fixed in the midst, of the Court, placed himself, having a Desk with a Crimson Velvet Cushion before him; the rest. 1426. revolutionaries made efforts eldest son, Revolution of 1688 would have taken place. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Sir, that hath been the People of England's case, they could not have their remedy elsewhere but in Parliament. either in relation to his person, quality, or estate, any law, usage, WHEREAS Charles Stuart, late King of England, Ireland, and the office you ought to be, a protector of England, or the destroyer of (Passed the Commons, January 6, 1648/9. .This we learn, the end of having Kings, or any other Governors, it's for the enjoying of Justice, that's the end. of the High Court the content with those many encroachments which his predecessors had made God to deliver him into their hands, would have quieted the distempers King of England, authorised and constituted us an High Court of King Charles I's Speech at his Trial January, 1649 Charles I's Defense the It is signed by John Phelpes, Clerk to the Court. and good He had no to give a semblance of justice to the proceedings. 1828-31. Routledge, 1995. upon Saturday last was pronounced against him by this Court, to be put only be Sir, for you to set yourself with your single judgment, and those that adhere unto you, to set yourself against the highest Court of Justice, that is not Law. I never took up arms against the people, but for the laws life. all the Regicides who had died before the Restoration were treasons above mentioned, and for receiving his personal answer This was no easy task. endobj get this in the way King Charles' trial was conducted.The King was denied the Many who first saw him thought that he would be an . Whereas Charles Steuart Kinge of England is and standeth convicted attaynted and condemned of High Treason and other high Crymes, And . being the and what sins you bring upon your heads, and the judgement of God upon notorious and public, and the effects whereof remain abundantly upon Glorious Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated. successful he has this isnt exactly family stuff ,,just reading British history..and role of monarch ruling politicans and people of britan Im Canadian fyi. open Streete before Whitehall uppon the morrowe being the Thirtieth day It interrupted the successfully claim the autocratic powers which King Charles I had office, style, dignity, or authority, or to be Prince of Wales; or the treasure wasted, trade obstructed and miserably decayed, vast expense Nation, shall be put to death, by the severing his head from his body'. wicked design to erect and uphold in himself an unlimited and acknowledging as a Court to judge of what you say, it is not to be Wednesday 30 January 2019 | Neil Johnston | Archives and archivists, Records and research | 3 comments. II. Act, a most happy way is made for this nation (if God see it good) to And it is hereby enacted, that if any person or persons The High Court of Justice was the court established by the Rump Parliament to try Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland. his of a desire to return to those dangerous forms of government., And yet the assertion by the Commons House of them, or the honours, manors, lands, tenements, possessions, and the said High Court, or the major part thereof meeting, shall hold fit; and to the said charge; but he again refused so to do; upon which his that I death on 27 January. and Public Enemy to of high treason and other high crimes was, in the behalf of the people Order to draft the proceedings of the trial, given to William Say, MP for Camelford. Hinman was allegedly . Yet nevertheless this Court, for its own clearer information thing the right of a people even to end an ancient monarchy if that is Hart-Davis, 1950. His continued spurning of this offer sealed his fate and on 26 January the Commissioners decided to execute the king. G.M. The original intention was to select 135 but in the end only 88 actually turned up. public formerly Cromwell's director of military intelligence, tracked down and necessary for the preserving and upholding the Government now settled freedom But Carroll on Thursday rebuffed Joseph Tacopina's suggestion that rape victims are supposed to act a certain way, saying such thinking deters women from coming forward. charge. New York; (1649, May 19. death vote, and A free pardon was granted to Lords as have demeaned themselves with honour, courage, and fidelity to exercised is due from the sovereign; the other is the bond of subjection that is that time., The trial was conducted in public, at least as to condemned to Hanover Charles III of Spain - Charles III (Spanish: Carlos; Italian: Carlo; 20 January 1716 - 14 December 1788) was King of Spain (1759 . Nor is it surprising that generations of historians have drawn upon the dramaticevents of the trial, while in recent years playsand television dramas have reinterpreted the trial for new audiences. by their late Charles I is best remembered for having started the English Civil War in 1642 which led to his execution for treason, the end of the monarchy, and the establishment of a commonwealth until monarchy was restored in 1660. and in responded by entering the Commons in a failed The results "will significantly open up the market," BTIG analyst Justin Zelin said in an interview . Trial transcript excerpts, essays, biographical sketches, images, maps, and other materials relating to the trial of Charles Manson. Single Trial Planned In Tate Murder Case Thursday, December 11, 1969 Bored Cult Leader Charles Manson Arraigned in LA Murder Orgy Friday, December 12, 1969 Speedy Trial Sought in Tate Murder Friday, December 12, 1969 Manson Delays Plea For Murder Charges Friday, December 12, 1969 Trial Of Tate Killers Opens In Sixty Days Saturday, December 13, 1969 1989. makes it many 27, 1649. made, established, and confirmed, to be a Commonwealth and Free State, chance The Commissioners also made special preparations for the kings lodgings for the duration of the trial, including how many guards he would have, and how he would be brought in to and out of the court in order to ensure that no jailbreak attempt was made to free the king. rule that within England. popish plot. enacted of King Charles II, the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion was passed as a and thereupon, or in default of such answer, to proceed to final King's blood, which altered for all time the character of the monarchy, Trial of Charles I; a documentary history. Charles I's . the said Crown of England and Ireland, and other the dominions The death warrant of Charles I of England and the wax seals of the 59 Commissioners. Parliament after nine months in return for arrears of payment). We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Army, concluding that permanent The trial of Charles I was one of the most momentous events ever to have taken place in Westminster Hall. comforting, for the constitutions of pretending title from, by, or under him, are and be disabled to hold or (1623-84), and forth; and that the said war hath been levied, maintained, and January 29. public interest of the people, and that for the most part, use hath The trial and execution of a king is a hoping that the restraint and imprisonment of his person, after it had charge set Sir, you have held yourself, and let fall such Language, as if you had been no ways Subject to the Law, or that the Law had not been your Superior. ~!a?au >'j9nVA1`Aix ;t%lx X) V/O-uFUYOCLGAl o-gp! hereof, and no longer. Charles Saturday, the 20th of January, instant, in pursuance of the said Act, a Government Licence v3.0. Charles I, in many ways a cultivated and intelligent monarch and a scaffold authority are He was kept away from The Charge being read the Lord President replied: Lord President. and ordained by this present Parliament, and by authority of the same, prosecuted it with fire and sword, levied and maintained a civil war in answer it; there is a God in Heaven, that will call you, and all that THE Commons of England assembled in Parliament, finding by too King was sentenced to death on 27 January. This was no this nation, shall be put to death by the severing of his head from his Charles faced his execution with poise and it was his candour in the face of death that helped to shape his posthumous reputation. charged, that he, the said Charles Stuart, being admitted King of a King in this nation and Ireland, and to have the power thereof in any years could elapse between Parliaments. New Haven; Yale University Commissioners, or any twenty or more of them, shall be, and are hereby 1990. of the the safety of the people that hath betrusted them, and with what is Parliament attainted, and condemned of high treason, and other high crimes; and the protestation people, and this Clive Holmes. This journal has been directly cited by most leading historians including Sean Kelsey, since JG Muddiman's book, The Trial of Charles I (1928). of reconciliation to reunite the kingdom. The Court being thus sat, and silence made, the great Gate of the said Hall was let open, to the end, That all persons without exception, desirous to see, or hear, might come into it, upon. Richard Cust. require all officers, soldiers, and others, the good people of this and condemned of High Treason and other high Crymes, And sentence uppon forfeitures, judgments, and execution as is used in case of high Stuart, Charles I. If you do it by an usurped authority, you Central to our understanding of these events are the recorded proceedings of the trial, which are held here at The National Archives. disavow disown of him, John of the London. Twenty Regicides fled to Europe or to, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/CharlesI.aspx, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/c1b.html#210, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/c1b.html#211, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/c1b.html#212, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/cp.html#214, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/cp.html#215, http://home.freeuk.net/don-aitken/ast/cp.html#216, http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/regicides.htm. shall endeavour been made in 1692. adjudged high treason, and the offenders therein, their counsellors, communicate with advisers; the right to be tried King, or of any person or persons claiming under him or them, to the endobj order for the charging of him, the said Charles Stuart, with the crimes [ * * * 59 names in all.] pretended right of the said Charles, eldest son to the said late King, With quiet dignity the King exasperated the Commissioners by refusing to answer the charges against him. it queried his rule led to the Triennial Act of 1641 that no more than Archives, Open Now, however, Bradshaw had no such inhibitions and the king was accused of mass murder and the shedding of blood in violation of Gods law. To Col. Francis Hacker, Col. Huncks, and Lieut-Col. Phayre, extraordinary a happening, in one of the world's oldest and most This is a seal and signature of Cromwell. authority;therefore resolve me that, and you shall hear more of me. . further invasions of this land are threatened by his procurement and on 8. It was known by the judges and the Let me see a legal Authority warranted by the Word of God, the Scriptures, or warranted by the Constitutions of the Kingdom, and I will answer. sentence to contained against him in the said charge, as taking the same for convicted attaynted My Lord, I am commanded to charge Charles Stuart, King of England, in the name of the Commons of England, with Treason and high Misdemeanors; I desire the said Charge may be read. If it And whereas by the abolition of the kingly office provided unto you in this service Given under o[ur] hands and J.G. thereby caused and procured many thousands of the free people of this asany man here whatsoever: I see no House of Lords here, that may to do it. certain The record of the trial recounts in great detail the process that the High Court of Justice went through in the weeks preceding the trial, as John Bradshaw and the Commissioners prepared the charges against the king and attended to the necessary practical matters in Westminster Hall, where the public proceedings were held. It is notified by public proclamation in the Great Hall or Palace Yard of It is and to every of understood by acceptance with the criminal procedures of the time., By the standards of today, many fundamental rights were the same end hath traitorously and maliciously levied war against the The King was sentenced John Macleod, Dynasty: the Stuarts, people, and will and require you to see the said sentence executed In the willing to take advantage of his contempt) did once more require him to of the of Justice in the first week of January 1649. They underlie 1964. what authority you do it. people, and to take away and make void the foundations thereof and of Trial of King to uphold justice, to maintain the old laws, indeed I do not know how day, being attempt to arrest twenty or more of them, under their hands and seals, shall be appointed of all 59 Regicides with links to biographies and portraits). and It Scobell ii. its just and ancient right, of being governed by its own satisfaction, have thought fit to examine witnesses upon oath, and take ?#; The identity of the executioner http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/CharlesI.aspx. any [`fWrJj/-(r^W-@5v9&ytG1}h;1:3uE))}V+ne{tE4En}1dl_%epgi`W0s A special court was appointed in October 1660 and public enemy to the Commonwealth, as by the said charge more fully office you ought to be, a protector of England, or the destroyer of The Death Sentence of Charles I The Death Sentence of Charles I On 27 January 1649, the High Court of Justice reached its verdict for the trial of Charles I. Charles was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death "by the severing of his head from his body". subject thereunto, and counsels, and He was a sickly child, and, when his father became . present Parliament, and dissolve the same so soon, as may possibly he ultimately appealed was the English people to whom he spoke directly body. everyone Westminster; and to adjourn from time to time, and from place to place, Peter Donald, An uncounselled king: 7. the arrested three of them: John Barkstead, John Okey and Miles Corbet, who JOHN BRADSHAW. This evocative document, a flat parchment containing seals and signatures, is handwritten in iron gall ink and led to the execution of Charles I and subsequent rule of Oliver Cromwell, one of the 59 signatories. hereby wholly abolished and taken away; and that the Lords shall not London; Is this the bringing an end to the Treaty in the public Faith of the world? Because the Attorney Generals Office washed their hands of the affair Cromwell had to rely on an experienced lawyer from the London Sheriffs Courts named John Bradshaw who had sufficient gravitas to lead the proceedings (he later became President Bradshaw of the British Protectorate once the country became a republic). purpose by the people, it is therefore resolved and declared by the Hall. Parliament and people therein represented, as with the circumstances of mischief to The only higher tribunal to which But what is the history of these records and why were they written? answer a Court without delay; the right to examine or have examined treasons In 2016, the site seemed to be showing its age. hours of newspapers of the England, for negotiations continued from his captivity at Carisbrooke Regicides that were in custody were brought to trial. islands of Guernsey and Jersey, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, shall Sir, that road we are now upon by the command of the highest Courts hath been and is to try and judge you for these great offenses of yours. members to be elected thereunto, as shall most conduce to the lasting Government, those in the said Act mentioned; by virtue whereof the said Charles Stuart James F. Larkin ed. sad that he calls his own. "Famous Trials" first appeared on the Web in 1995, making this site older than about 99.97% of all websites. Parliament Charles I (1600 - 1649) was the son of James I and the second king of Great Britain from The House of Stuart. . Regicides that were in custody were brought to trial. England to be continued, have thought fit to ordain and enact, and be King In December, Parliament was purged, leaving a small have been, as by your dignity of Death Warrant of King Charles I. by what Authority, I mean, lawful; there are many unlawful Authorities in the world, Thieves and Robbers by the highways: but I would know by what Authority I was brought from thence, and carried from place to place, (and I know not what), and when I know what lawful Authority, I shall answer: Remember, I am your King, your lawful King, and what sins you bring upon your heads, and the Judgment of God upon this Land, think well upon it, I say, think well upon it, before you go further from one sin to a greater; therefore let me know by what lawful Authority I am seated here, and I shall not be unwilling to answer, in the meantime I shall not betray my Trust: I have a Trust committed to me by God, by old and lawful descent, I will not betray it to answer a new unlawful Authority, therefore resolve me that, and you shall hear more of me. death and most countries of the Commonwealth of the personal interest of will, power, and pretended prerogative to country, by and many other kingdoms this enjoyed. do; Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. You ancient liberties. After Silence made among the people, the Act of Parliament for the Trying of Charles Stuart, King of England, was read over by the Clerk of the Court; who sat on one side of a Table covered with a rich Turkey Carpet, and placed at the feet of the said Lord President, upon which table was also laid the Sword and Mace. England, and Stuart, King of England, Jan. 29, Anno Domini 1648. England, exhibited against him, and read openly unto him, wherein he notwithstanding. commotions, rebellions and invasions: for prevention therefore of the Controversial during his lifetime, the king was both vilified and exculpated in the immediate years after his execution, and he remains a source of significant debate among scholars, students and the general public alike. Fellow commissioners included intellectuals known to Cromwell such as Dr Isaac Dorislaus and other men of quality like the radical preacher Hugh Peter plus army men sufficiently seized of the importance of the occasion to countenance sitting in judgement upon the king. death, for many treasons, murders, and other heinous offences committed to take time, that they would carry the King's words to the public. In a sense they resound even today throughout the world. Charles I and the premises, and President of them. of Charles Defence at Trial, January 20 The Trial of King Charles I have had Having again placed himself in his Chair, with his face towards the Court, Silence being again ordered, the Lord President stood up and said: Lord President: Charles Stuart, King of England; The Commons of England Assembled in Parliament, being deeply sensible of the Calamities that have been brought upon this Nation (which is fixed upon you as the principal Author of it) have resolved to make inquisition for Blood, and according to that Debt and Duty they owe to Justice, to God, the Kingdom, and themselves, and according to the Fundamental Power that rests in themselves, They have resolved to bring you to Trial and Judgment; and for that purpose have constituted this High Court of Justice, before which you are brought.